2|"FHWA-OH-94-004"|"Precipitate Potential of Highway Subbase Aggregates"|"Jiwan D. Gupta, William A. Kneller"|"November 1993"|"1"|"HDOT"|"Tufa, slag, Recycled Portland Cement Concrete aggregate"|
3|"FHWA-OH-93-018"|"Final Evaluation of the Field Performance of Ross 23 Experimental Concrete Pavements"|"Issam Minkarah, Andrew Bodocsi, Richard Miller and Rajagopal Arudi"|"December 1992"|"1"|"HDOT"|"Contraction joints, joint spacing, dowels, stabilized and granular base, pavement cracking, base permeability, chloride content, pavement condition index"|"This project is a continuation of the research done from 1972 to 1981 on a jointed portland cement concrete pavement test section located in the southbound lane of Ohio Route 23 in Chillicothe, Ohio.  Several variables were incorporated into the pavement: joint spacing, type of base, type of dowels and type of sawcut.  Short term and long term horizontal movements caused by temperature were evaluated over a two year period.  Vertical movements under known axle loads were also determined.  Dynaflect and FWD were measured at the same time as the vertical movement.  A statistical analysis was conducted of the horizontal and vertical movement data.  A record of the damage to the pavement during the 20 year span was also made.  Analysis of the statistical data and pavement damage led to conclusions about joint design and spacing limitations.  The in situ permeability of the base was measured.  The concrete was examined petrographically and the extent of chloride penetration was determined."
4|"FHWA-RD-94-119"|"Traffic Operations Control For Older Drivers"|"R. Knoblauch, M. Nitzburg, D. Reinfurt, F. Council, C. Zeeger, C. Popkin"|"March 1995"|"1"|"HDOT"|"traffic operations control, older driver characteristics, left-turn signalization, driver signal response, driver stopping behavior, pedestrian signal placard"|"The objective of this project were to define the problems older drivers and pedestrians have at intersections, and make recommendations for changes.  A literature review, a detailed accident analysis, and eight focus groups were conducted to identify the specific kinds of traffic-control-related problems experienced by older driver and pedestrians at intersections.  Three problem areas were targeted."
5|"FHWA-HPR-NM-91-09"|"English/Spanish Highway Technical Reference Terms and Definitions"|"(None)"|"December 1991"|"1"|"HDOT"|"(None)"|"In the Spring of 1990, a language emphasis program was initiated by the Research Bureau of the New Mexico State Highway and Transportation Department.  The program began as a response to the growing need for effective communication between the state transportation agency and governmental, academic and private organizations in Mexico.  The language program was design in two parts.  The first part consisted of Spanish instruction for all Research Bureau staff.  THe training provided basic orientation for persons without Spanish education.  The training provided the opportunity to refine Spanish skills of the bilingual staff.  The second part of the language program emphasized preparation of an English/Spanish reference text.  This document is the result.  This text provides a basic working vocabulary for commonly used transportation technical terms.  This publication is the beginning of the effort to improve transportation technical communication.  The reference is not comprehensive.  As the document is used, English and Spanish definitions will be improved and expanded."
6|"FHWA-NJ-90-007"|"Signs on Breakaway Barricades - Wind and Crash Tests"|"Thomas D. Davis"|"August 1990"|"1"|"HDOT"|"Type III breakaway barricades, portable signs, work zones, wind tests, crash tests"|"Work zone informational sign panels are often mounted on portable wood or metal frams and used for changing traffic operations in New Jersey work zones.  At times, these portable signs are placed close to Type III breakaway barricades used to channelize traffic.  If signs could be placed on the barricades instread, then some portable wood or metal sign frams would no longer be needed.  This would reduce sign costs as well.  Barricades with signs attached at various heights for visibility purposes were tested for durability under wind loads up to 60 mph in accordance with criteria established by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).  Twenty and 60 mph full scale vehicle crash tests were conducted in compliance with criteria found in AASHTO and the National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 230.  Only lighweight signs were attached to the barricades in the tests to eliminate doubt concerning the damage that standard weight signs might cause.  The 0.024 inch thick aluminum sign with 12 inches of ground clearance failed the 60 mph crash test.  However, vinyl rollup signs with 38 and 50 inches of clearance and 0.024 inch thick aluminum signs with 29 and 41 inches of clearance from the bottom of the sign to the pavement passed the wind and crash tests and are recommended for implementation."
7|"FHWA-HO-79-001"|"Research and Development Program for Highway Construction Engineering Management"|"(None)"|"May 1979"|"1"|"HDOT"|"construction engineering, construction management, research needs, development needs"|"The cost of construction engineering management on federal-aid highway projects is more than $600 million/year.  This report recommends a priority program of 17 research and development needs that, if carried out, should significantly reduce that amount.  The methodology used to generate problem statements of the needs and place them in priority order and to formulate the program is explained.  The total list of 63 needs (problem statements) generated, a bibliography of pertinent published research, and a listing of research in progress are included."
10|"FHWA-SA-94-028"|"Technology Applications Program"|"(None)"|"April 1994"|"1"|"HDOT"|"(None)"|"(None)"
11|"FHWA-HPR-NM-90-005"|"1990 Survey of Traffic Monitoring Practices Among State Transportation Agencies of the United States"|"David Albright"|"December 1990"|"1"|"HDOT"|"traffic, traffic monitoring, standards"|"The New Mexico State Highway and Transportation Department conducted surveys of state traffic monitoring practices in the Fall of 1990.  This survey provides and indication of the traffic monitoring state-of-the-practice among state agencies in 1990.  All fifty state are represented.  The survey results provide a benchmark of diverse practice.  As national traffic monitoring standards are defined, in the future, similar surveys will be able to assess standards implementation by the extent to which practice has become more consistent."
12|"FHWA-RD-93-037"|"Condition of Prestressed Concrete Bridge Components Technology Review and Field Surveys"|"D. Whiting, B. Stejskal, M. Naji"|"September 1993"|"2"|"HDOT"|"Chlorides, corrosion, prestressed concrete, rehabilitation"|"This report describes results of a technology review and field condition surveys carried out in the area of prestressed concrete (PS/C) bridge components.  Both pretensioned and post-tensioned systems are included.  The technology review indicates that most prestressed concrete bridges, when properly designed and constructed, can perform adequately even in severe environments.  Only a limited number of structural failures attributed to corrosion of prestressed elements have been documented.  Field surveys were carried out on 12 bridges in severe environments, including both marine exposure and exposure to deicing agents.  Direct exposure to marine spray or runoff of deicing solutions represent the exposure most likely to lead to premature corrosion and failure of prestressed systems.  When elements can be protected or shielded from such exposure, the corrosion-free lifetime of PS/C bridge members can be greatly extended.  Care must be exercised in selection and application of rehabilitation measures in such environments, as the severity of exposure may impact adversely on the expected lifetime and performance of such repairs."
13|"FHWA-KS-78-002"|"Study of D - Cracking in Portland Cement Concrete Pavements Volume 3 - Air Photo Phase"|"Lewis D. Myers and Alvis H. Stallard"|"June 1978"|"1"|"HDOT"|"Abrasion, aerial photography, ""D"" cracking, pavement deterioration, photo interpretation, straining, studded tires"|"This study was undertaken to determine if staining associated with ""D"" cracking in concrete pavement could be detected and evaluated by aerial photography.  Staining was detected and measured and the aerial extent found to indicate a degree of deterioration within individual projects.  A significant decrease in stain area was also noted when metropolitan traffic was present.  This reversal was attributed to abrasion by studded tires.  Pavements constructed with sawed and undowelled transverse joints 30 feet (9.1 m( apart exhibited less stain and D-cracking but more roughness due to joint faulting than sawed and dowelled joints spaced 61.5 feet (18.7 m) apart."
14|"FHWA-LA-90-229"|"Prediction of Flood Quantiles at Ungaged Watersheds in Louisiana"|"Babak Naghavi, James F. Cruise, Senarath Ekanayake"|"December 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"regional frequency, stochastic hydrology, ungaged watersheds"|"Four popular regional flood frequency methods were compared using Louisiana stream flow series.  The state was divided into four homogeneous regions and all undistorted, long-term stream gages are used in the analysis.  The GEV, TCEV, regional LP3 and USGS regression methods were applied to this data base and compared in terms of descriptive capabilities.  Based upon several factors, the GEV method was selected as the superior method overall.  A procedure to apply this method to ungaged watershed using regression equations abd regional non-dimensional flood distribution was then developed.  It was found that the procedure performed well when applied to data not used in the calibration of the model.  The method is easier to apply and more accurate in terms of descriptive and probably predictive ability than any other feasible method."
15|"FHWA-RD-93-172"|"1993 TFHRC Achievement Report"|"(None)"|"December 1993"|"1"|"HDOT"|"(None)"|"(None)"
16|"FHWA-KS-92-001"|"Cold Bituminous Pavement Recycling, US-56, Pawnee County, Kansas"|"Glenn A. Fager, Rodney, G. Maag"|"September 1992"|"1"|"HDOT"|"cold inplace recycle, bituminous pavement, recycling"|"A study was undertaken between 1977 and 1991 to construct and monitor some cold recycle sections.  Five different test sections and one control section were completed in 1977 and monitored for cracking for appoximately 14 years.  In 1991, the project was overlayed terminating the monitoring period.  The cracking in each section had progressed to 100% of its original condition, thereby allowing determination of the life of each section.  A cost analysis was completed but was based only on the amount of cracking in each section."
17|"FHWA-CA-TL-93-011"|"Evaluation of New Bonding Materials for Anchoring Dowels in Existing Concrete"|"Abid A. Mir, John P. Dusel"|"February 1993"|"1"|"HDOT"|"magnesium phosphate concrete, resin capsule anchors, shear load, tension load, combined load, edge distance, concrete anchors, portland cement grout"|"Test results of threaded rod and reinforcing bars bonded with either polyester resin capsules, vinylester resin capsules, portland cement grout or magnesium phosphate concrete are presented.  Tests included tension tests, shear tests, combiined tension-shear tests, and creep tests at elevated temperatures.  The parameters evaluated were edge distance, embedment depth, effect of elevated temperature on tension load, and the interaction of tension and shear.  Tables listing allowable shear and tension loads have been prepared for each bonding material.  An interaction equation for anchors loaded in both tension and shear is also given."
18|"FHWA-EP-85-004"|"Pipe Rehabilitation on Skyline Drive Shenadoah National Park"|"Brian Beucler"|"1984"|"1"|"HDOT"|"(None)"|"(None)"
19|"FHWA-EP-84-012"|"National Experimental and Evaluation Program - Final Report"|"William A. Wood"|"August 1984"|"1"|"HDOT"|"experimental, test features, evaluations, field studies"|"The National Experimental and Evaluation Program (NEEP) founded in 1968 was established to encourage experimental projects of experimental features that were considered of national significance.  The program was officially terminated in 1983 and replaced with a new Special Experimental Features category designed to assist State highway agencies fund the evaluations of selected features of national interest.  The NEEP included 28 projects beginning with Grooved Traffic Stripes and ending with Highway Pavement Subdrain Systems.  This document summarizes the activities accomplished during the life of the program."
20|"FHWA-AZ-89-328"|"Slow Speed Weigh-In-Motion Study"|"Maralou De Nicholas"|"August 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"weigh-in-motion, slow-speed weigh-in-motion, SWIM"|"This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the Weighwrite slow-speed weigh-in-motion (SWIM) system installed at the eastbound Ehrenberg port of entry on Interstate 10.  Tests were planned to closely coincide with those performed by Castle Rock Consultants in 1988.  Systems accuracy was assessed by means of a dynamic to static comparison.  One hundred vehicles were selected for the random vehicle tests from truck traffic passing through the port.  In addition, two test vehicles were measured repeatedly.  Attempts were also made to assess the impact of altering the height of the SWIM scale's approach and exit.  Results indicate that the SWIM system is not performing well enough to meet current-scale certification requirements in Arizona.  This suggests that criteria which are used to certify static scales may be too stringent for SWIM applications."
21|"FHWA-AZ-89-260"|"Sizing Riprap for the Protection of Approach Embankments and Spur Dikes and Limiting the Depth of Scour at Bridge Piers and Abutements"|"Ruh-Ming Li, Robert MacArthur, George Cotton"|"June 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"riprap, scour, shear stress tractive force, safety factor, bank protection"|"This report presents methodologies currently available for sizing riprap protection measures.  The five riprap performance areas identified in this report are: riprap quality, riprap-layer characteristics, hydraulic requirements, site conditions, and river conditions.  Localized design consideration include: the protection of approach embankments, spur dikes, scour at bridge piers and abutements, river bends, and grade control structures.  Limitations of the methods and their application to conditions observed in Arizona are evaluated and an interim design procedure is recommended."
22|"FHWA-AZ-89-257-002"|"Slope Erosion Control for Urban Freeways in Arid Climates Design Manual"|"Dennis Duffy, Hilda Hatzell"|"June 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"rock fragments, slope erosion, arid climates"|"The purpose of this design manual is to provide a concise reference to assist in the design of slope erosion protection in arid climates.  This document is based on methods developed during a two year research program conducted in the Metropolitan Pheonix area.  The research report titled: Slope Erosion Control for Urban Freeways in Arid Climates, Volume I contains a detailed description of the methodology."
23|"FHWA-CA-TL-92-005"|"Vehicle Crash Tests of a Concrete Median Barrier Retrofitted with a Slipformed Concrete Glare Screen"|"P. Powhani, S.M. Glauz, R.L. Stoughton"|"May 1992"|"1"|"HDOT"|"glare screen, median barrier, crash test, slipformed barrier, retrofit barrier"|"Two vehicle crash tests were performed on a retrofit concrete glare screen slipformed on top of an existing 32-inch high concrete safety shape barrier.  The concrete glare screen is intended as a replacement for the current standard expanded metal mesh glare screen.  This concrete glare screen is 20-inches high, 6-inches thick at the base and tapers slightly to 5-inches thick at the top.  Reinforcing consists of two longitudinal #4 bars tied to vertical #5 hoops (inverted U-shaped stirrups.)  At the base of the glare screen is a 3/4-inch chamfer to match that at the top of the concrete barrier.  The two test vehicles included a pickup truck ballasted to 5390 lbs, travelling 55.3 mph and impacting at 20 degrees; and a large car ballasted to 4360 lbs, travelling 56.2 mph and impacting at 25 degrees.  Both tests showed that a concrete glare screen can successfully withstand the impact of both a pickup truck and a heavy passenger car, and satisfy the requirements for structural adequacy, occupant risk and vehicle trajectory in NCHRP Report 230.  Maintenance costs for the concrete glare screen should be less than those for the metal mesh glare screen."
24|"FHWA-CA-TL-93-018"|"Inductive Radio (INRAD) Project Manager's Summary"|"Walter A. Winter"|"May 1993"|"1"|"HDOT"|"communications, roadway to vehicle, inductive radio, short range"|"The inductive Radio demonstration project was a Caltrans sponsored project to demonstrate the use of short range, two-way, communication between vehicles and the roadway.  This is an overview from the project manager's prospective.  Inductive Radio (INRAD) was the chosen technology, but the project attempted to focus on function.  The microwave technology emerging in automatic toll collection shares functionality with INRAD.  Short ranged, two-way communications were demonstrated to be useful.  It is argued that their implementation is almost available.  An argument is given for one-way communication as location beacons."
25|"FHWA-AZ-94-318"|"User's Manual Documentation"|"Cliff Perry, Melody Bruner, Suhas Prakrashumar"|"April 1994"|"1"|"HDOT"|"Pen Based Computing, Management Information System, Paperless Management System, Geographic Information System (GIS)"|"The application of computer based, spatial information technology (GIS) to the management of transportation facilities is becoming increasingly important.  This project was for the development of spatially referenced system for management of roadside landscape and irrigation development in Arizona.  Texas Transportation Institute, Environmental Management Program with ADOT's assistance completed the research activities associated with the identification of needs, an assessment of the Arizona Department of Transportation's computing environment, conceptual design of the management system, evaluation of hardware and software, the pilot demonstration and subsequent trial implementation activities.  The research focused on the development of a ""paperless"" management system where the integration of technologies is the key to effective system consisted of the development of a spatially referenced mapping system for highway landscape and irrigation inventory, integration of intelligent maps into handheld data collection devices, collection of information into handheld devices and incorporation of these new technologies into existing data management systems.  Upon completion of the trial implementation period the evaluations suggest that the system , because of its limited focus and high degree of complexity is probably not cost effective.  This judgement is based on the fact that this system is a highly specialized system serving a very small segment of the overall maintenance mission of the Department.  To be efficient and cost effective, a wider range of maintenance activities would ahve to be intergrated into a single system framework.  In the final analysis, the research successfully established a conceptual framework around which a new maintenance management system can evolve."
26|"FHWA-OH-92-004"|"Failure Characteristics of an Arch Plate Culvert"|"Shad Sargand, Glenn Hazen"|"February 1992"|"1"|"HDOT"|"Failure, Biaxial Strain, Thrust, Deflection, Pipe Arch, Biaxial Stress, Bending Moment, CANDE"|"An existing 37 year old, 15.67 ft. span, 9.58 ft. rise structural plate pipe arch culvert installed in cohesive bacfill material was instrumented with biaxial electric strain gages and position transducers and loaded with two hydraulic cylinders, simulating live load from the rear axle of a vehicle.  The loads were positioned above the crown point of the pipe and increased in increments until moderate degree of structural failure was observed.  During each increment of load application, biaxial strains, deflection of the upper arc, and strutural settlement were recorded.  These field data were utilized to determine biaxial stresses, thrusts, bending moments, and geometrical change of the pipe.  The field test conditions were also simulated numerically using the Culvert ANalysis and DEsign (CANDE) computer program, and results of the numerical analysis were compared with field data.  Based on the results of this investigation, failure mechanisms resulted from plastic bending rather than thrust, and despite being installed with a silty clay backfill and exhibiting severe metal deterioration, the pipe supported exceptionally large load."
27|"FHWA-AZ-90-814"|"Scour at Bridge Structures and Channel Aggradation and Degradation Field Measurements"|"G.V. Sabol, C. F. Nordin, Jr., E. V. Richardson"|"May 1990"|"1"|"HDOT"|"Bridges, Scour Aggradation, Degradation, Lateral Migration, Field Measurement, Ground Penetrating Radar, Miniature Transmitters"|"A study on bridge scour and bridge related channel instability field measurements was conducted for the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT).  The objectives of the research were to review and evaluate procedures and field techniques for measuring scour at bridge structures and for monitoring channel aggradation, degradation, and lateral migration; and to recommend a program to initiate data collection in Arizona.  The ultimate goal of this research is to provide data and procedures to identify bridges that may be susceptible to scour and channel instability problems so that adequate countermeasures can be undertaken to avoid and mitigate bridge scour incidents and to collect data on scour and channel instability processes in Arizona so that appropriate design and construction procedures can be developed and used in Arizona."
28|"FHWA-OH-93-020"|"Performance of Plastic Drain Pipes Manufactured From Recycled High Density Polyethylene"|"Saleh Jabarin, Robert A. Bennett"|"July 1993"|"1"|"HDOT"|"Post consumer recycled, HDPE, plastic pipe, drainage pipe, homopolymer, copolymer, blends"|"Post consumer and virgin samples were evaluated alone and at various blended compositions in order to determine their critical physical, chemical, and processing characteristics.  Homopolymer and copolymer blends were prepared containing 25, 50, and 75% PCR HDPE with the balance made up of virgin resin as specified.  Small scale, controlled resin blends exhibited expected systematic changes, as percentages of recycled and virgin resins were varied.  Increased percentages of recycled copolymer material generally resulted in reduced stiffness and increased elasticity of the samples.  Mechanical properties of blends, therefore fell in the intermediate region between those of 100% virgin and 100% recycled materials.  This was found to be consistent for both homopolymer and copolymer PCR HDPE blended with virgin resin.  Commerically manufactured plastic drainage pipes were tested in order to demonstrated the suitability of using recycled HDPE copolymer to prepare such pipes.  It was determined that plastic pipes manufactured from blends of PCR HDPE demonstrated acceptable performance in terms of stiffness, flattening, brittleness and environmental stress cracking.  Pipes were fabricated with 25, 50, and 75% PCR HDPE copolymer (typically recycled post-consumer detergent bottles) with the balance composed of virgin resin."
29|"FHWA-RD-93-044"|"Performance-Related Specifications for Concrete Pavements, Volume III: Appendix D- Laboratory Testing Procedures and Testing Results Appendix E - Review of Recent Studies and Specifications"|"P. A. Okamoto, C. L. Wu, S. M. Tarr, M. I. Darter, K. D. Smith"|"November 1993"|"2"|"HDOT"|"Acceptance tests, quality control, quality assurance, performance-related specifications, concrete, pavement performance, pavement construction, life-cycle costs."|"This study continued the development of performance-related specifications (PRS) for concrete pavements.  Drawing upon previous work, a prototype PRS was developed that considers the expected life-cycle costs of the as-constructed pavement as the overall measure of quality.  The approach calls for measurement of in situ concrete properties and explicitly considers variability and multiple quality characteristics in the determination of pay adjustments.  Extensive laboratory testing was conducted to determine material relationships needed in the prototype PRS, and a detailed test plan has been  developed for the evaluation of construction variables (e.g., dowel misalignment) that significantly affect concrete pavement performance, but are not currently accounted for in the specification.  A computer program, PaveSpec, has been developed for use with the specification in simulation and in generating pay adjustments."
30|"FHWA-CA-TL-94-011"|"Evaluation of Backcalculation Methods to Predict Pavement Layer Moduli"|"Ok-Kee Kim, William A. Nokes"|"August 1993"|"1"|"HDOT"|"BKCHEV, BOUSDEF, EVERCALC, MODULUS and WESDEF, backcalculation, asphalt concrete pavement, modulus, surface deflection, stress sensitivity"|"The objective of this study is to evaluate five backcalculation procedures (BKCHEV, BOUSDEF 2.0, EVERCALC 3.3, MODULUS 4.0 and WESDEF) to determine the moduli of asphalt concrete pavement layers and the subgrade.  The sensitivity of each procedure is evaluated using ranges of input variables: seed modulus, range of modulus, Poisson's ration, layer thickness, rigid bottom, convergence criteria and others.  The surface deflection data at each site are obtained from the SHRP LTPP study database.  Evaluation of each procedure is based on the backcalculated moduli and the sum of absolute error between measured and calculated defletion basins.  Also, normalized surface deflections are used to evaluate the stress sensitivity of each pavement structure.  Comparison of backcalculated moduli to laboratory tests in not made because test equipment was not available during the project.  The most influential variables for backcalculated moduli are location of the rigid bottom and AC layer thickness.  Establishing a statewide database on the characteristics of pavement matierals in California highways is strongly recommended for successful future operation."
31|"FHWA-PL-80-001"|"Coal Haul Roads Study"|"James L. Covil, Donald P. Ingold"|"April 1980"|"1"|"HDOT"|"coal haul, coal roads, coal trucks, coal production, energy transportation, highway needs, highway costs"|"The purpose of this report is to provide an estimate of the extent of improvements needed on the Nation's coal haul raods.  Roads used for coal hauling are first identified and classified according to volume and duration of coal traffic, Federal-aid designation, and functional classification.  Road mileage in each of these categories is shown in Chapter II.  Chapter III shows existing and forecast deficiencies on each part of the coal road system and provides estimates of the cost of improving each component of the system to full improvement standards.  Chapter IV introduces a reduced costs alternative where roads in needs of repair are resurfaced or reconstructed on existing alignments."
32|"FHWA-OH-93-010"|"Temperature Adjustment of Dynamic Deflection Measurements on Asphalt Concrete Pavements"|"R. Kenneth Wolfe, Brian W. Randolph"|"August 1992"|"1"|"HDOT"|"Modulus of elasticity, temperature , pavements, dynaflect; deflection measuremnts"|"The application of elastic theory to the design of overlays on existing pavement requires that a modulus of elasticity be assigned to the existing structural system.  Estimates of elastic modulus are obtained from dynamic deflection readings in the field; but asphalt is a highly temperature-sensitive visco-elastic material and deflections not corrected to a standard temperature can produce misleading results.  It is therefore the objective of the present study to develop a procedure for estimating an effective modulus of elasticity for a layer of asphaltic concrete in which some temperature gradient exists because of the combined influences of solar radiation, wind, air temperature, cloud cover and other variables specific to time and location which cause temperature variations within the pavement layer.  Two models are presented for the achievement of that objective.  The first of the two models has been designed to utilize site-specific conditions for calculating a temperature profile at a given time within an asphaltic layer.  The second model relates an equivalent elastic modulus to the calculated temperature profile."
33|"FHWA-SA-92-042"|"An Evaluation of Granular Overlays in Washington State"|"Daniel J. O'Neil, Joe P. Mahoney, Newton C. Jackson"|"May 1991"|"2"|"HDOT"|"granular overlay, pavements, resurfacing, asphalt, aggregate"|"This study examined granular overlays by using three different techniques.  First, previous research on the behavior of confined crushed rock layers were studied.  Through these studies, information was sought concerning the stiffnesses that have been found in crushed rock layers, what can be done to improve the crushed rock layer, and the problems that have been encountered in working with confined crushed rock layers.  Next the usable life of the granular overlay was compared with that of other types of pavement resurfacing, including asphalt concrete (AC) overlays and BST.  Finally, the granular overlays were tested to determine their properties and to measure the effect of different designs on their performance."
34|"FHWA-CA-TL-93-010"|"Effects of Combined Loading and Edge Distance on the Performance of Mechanical Expansion Anchors"|"Nelle Marino, John Dusel"|"November 1992"|"1"|"HDOT"|"mechanical expansion anchor, shell internal plug, stud wedge, shear load, tension load, combined load, interaction curve, edge distance"|"This report contains results of tests done to determine the effects which simultaneous combined shear and tension loads have on the ultimate strenght capacity of various mechanical expansion anchors.  The effects which small edge distances and low strength, early age concrete have on the ultimate strength of mechanical expansion anchors are also evaluated.  Combined load interaction curves were developed from the test data and compared to interaction curves presented by manufactures of mechanical expansion anchors ( Molly and ITW Ramset / Red Head), the Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI), and a curve commonly used by Caltrans designers."
35|"FHWA-RD-90-092"|"Evaluation of New Nuclear Density Gauges on Asphalt Concrete"|"Garnell Belt, Nicholas Santelli, Michael Hansen"|"September 1991"|"1"|"HDOT"|"asphalt concrete, paving quality control, nuclear density gauges"|"This report documents an evaluation of the state-of-the-art capabilities of nuclear density gauges to monitor the density of asphalt concrete.  In particular, providing immediate information on the compaction by the use of roller-mounted gauges and measuring the densities of thin layers addressed.  The study included three phases: literature search, laboratory tests, and field trials.  The first phase included a review of current literature on the theory and operating characteristics of commercially available equipment and a review of State highway agency procedures and specifications for monitoring asphalt concrete density.  The second phase included a series of laboratory tests to verify factory calibrations and to determine the depth sensitivity, chemical composition errors, and to determine the depth sensitivity, chemical composition errors, and thin-life capabilities of the various gauges under laboratory conditions.  The third phase consisted of five sets of field trials."
36|"FHWA-RD-93-040A"|"Proceedings: Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Bridges"|"K.H. Frank, N.P. Jones, B. R. Ellingwood, R. J. Ross, R. F. Pellerin, J. A. Plecknik, O. Henriquez, C. M. Teller, A. G. Davis, E. G. Hennecke, II"|"July 1993"|"1"|"HDOT"|"bridges, nondestructive evaluation, nondestructive inspection, nondestructive testing, NDE, NDI, NDT"|"On August 25-27, 1992, a major forum of 80 knowledgeable individuals representing researchers, manufacturers, and users of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods and equipment for bridges was convened to exchange information and to provide guidance for studies of NDE of bridges proposed as a part of the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA) High Priority Area (HPA).  The conference (1) identified the current status of NDE for bridges, (2) defined goals and areas of concentration for NDE research as it applies to bridge inspection, and (3) fulfilled an immediate need to inform NDE system developers of bridge inspection needs and the NDE system users of potential technologies."
37|"FHWA-SA-92-010"|"Design of Bridge Deck Drainage Hydraulic Engineering Circular 21"|"G. K. Young, S. E. Walker, F. Chang"|"May 1993"|"1"|"HDOT"|"bridge deck drainage, drainage inlets, bridge scuppers, hydroplaning, bridge end treatments, hydraulic design"|"The manual provides guidelines and procedures for designing bridge deck drainage systems, including illustrative examples.  Should the design process indicate a drainage system is needed , utilization of the most hydraulically efficient and maintenance-free system is emphasized.  The manual also stresses the advantages of designing to minimize the complexity of bridge deck drainage systems.  Integration of practical drainage details into overall structural design is presented.  For the users' convenience, all design graphs and nomographs appear in an appendix.  The manual is a compendium of bridge drainage design guidance.  It includes design theory, step-by-step design procedures, and illustrative examples.  Drainage system design  is approached from the viewpoints of hydraulic capacity, traffic safety, structural integrity, practical maintenance, and architectural aesthetics.  System hardware components, such as inlets, pipes, and downspouts, are described.  Guidance for selecting a design gutter spread and flood frequency are provided.  System details and existing computer models are discussed."
38|"FHWA-KS-92-003"|"Asphalt Hardening"|"Glenn A. Fager"|"September 1992"|"1"|"HDOT"|"asphalt hardening, asphalt-rubber membrane, asphalt properties"|"A study was undertaken between 1974 and 1992 to study the rates of hardening in three seperate bituminous overlay projects.  The report described a project in Finney County that used a penetration graded AC-5 and AC-7 asphalt cement.  Cores were drilled at periodic times and the extracted asphalts were compared with each other for five and ten years.  The second project in Decatur County also used an AC-7.  No cores were taken and only visual observations were conducted after approximately fifteen years.  The last project was in Thomas County and was conducted in conjunction with another research project.  Asphalt properties of an overlay were compared at five different locations.  An asphalt-rubber membrane had been placed over two locations, a slurry seal over a third location, and two locations had been directly exposed to the atmosphere.  The report concluded that asphalt in the top lift will harden faster than the bottom lift, a penetration graded AC-7 remains softer than an AC-5 over several years, and that both AC-5 and AC-7 age very fast the first year after construction.  An AC-7 could reduce cracking but aggravate the amount of rutting.  The report also concluded that a seal (conventional slurry and/or asphalt-rubber) appears to help slow the hardening of the asphalt cement in the underlying bituminous layers."
39|"FHWA-KS-94-001"|"Cost Effective Evaluation of Fly Ash Stabilized Base"|"Glenn A. Fager"|"April 1995"|"1"|"HDOT"|"fly ash, base, crushed aggregate base, Type C, lime, lime-fly ash"|"A study was undertaken between 1982 and 1993 to study the use of Type C fly ash as a stabilizer for a subbase.  The project started with laboratory studies, followed with construction of three usable test sections.  The first section consisted of 3"" hot mix overlay on 6"" of a lime-fly ash stabilized crushed aggregate base.  The second section contained 3"" of hot mix over 6"" of a fly ash (only) stabilized crushed aggregate base.  The third section was 9"" of hot mix over subgrade which served more as a control section.  The test sections were actively monitored for approximately ten years with dynaflect and crack survey data.  The report concluded that both the lime-fly ash and fly ash sections compare favorably with the hot mix only section.  The laboratory studies in the report concluded that the flash setting characteristics of Type C fly ash will require a set retarder or that the fly ash be conditioned prior to actual use in the field."
40|"FHWA-LA-88-214"|"Life Cycle, Cost, and Loading Characteristics of AASHO Designed Rigid and Flexible Pavements in Louisiana"|"William H. Temple, Steven L. Cumbaa, Deborah Boleware"|"June 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"life cycle cost, traffic load, pavement design, pavement management"|"This report represents a study undertaken to determine the life cycle, load characteristics, and associated costs of a representative sample of the oldest rigid and flexible pavements designed in Louisiana (1963- 1967) using the AASHO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures.  Project selection resulted in  a  sampling of two classes of roads designed and constructed during this period-- Interstate route jointed concrete pavements and secondary route asphaltic concrete pavements."
41|"FHWA-LA-91-237"|"Latex Modified Asphalt and Experimental Joint Treatments on Asphaltic Concrete Overlays Experimental Project No. 3- Asphalt Additives"|"William M. King, Jr. and Roland J. Doucet, Jr."|"June 1991"|"1"|"HDOT"|"latex modified asphalt; waterproofing membrane; saw and seal joints; reflective cracking stress absorbing membranes"|"This report documents the construction, initial evaluation and final evaluation of several experimental features which were incorporated as part of an overlay of an existing PCC pavement in order to determine the feasibility of extending the asphaltic concrete overlay service life.  The experimental features utilized were several types of waterproofing membranes, sawing and sealing of joints in the asphaltic concrete overlay and the use of a latex-modified asphaltic concrete."
42|"FHWA-LA-89-219"|"Sprinkle Treatment Experimental Project Construction & Three Year Evaluation Demonstration Project No. 50"|"Harold R. Paul, Roland J. Doucet, Jr."|"June 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"sprinkle treatment; skid resistance; friction course"|"This report documents the construction of a Sprinkle Treatment field trial on a high speed/high volume roadway (55 mph/8520 ADT) and presents the performance data obtained for three years after construction."
43|"FHWA-LA-89-234"|"Determining Pile Bearing Capacity by Some Means Other Than The Engineering News Formula"|"Kenneth L. McManis, Michael D. Folse, Janet S. Elias"|"December 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"dynamic pile formulas, wave equation, pile driving analyzer, test piles, pile driving"|"A review of the practice used in monitoring pile driving activities within the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (LADOTD) and elsewhere is reported.  The Engineering News Record formula is currently the most commonly reported method used by departments of transportation in the evaluation of pile driving.  The performance of several alternate dynamic formulas, the wave equation, and dynamic testing with the pile driving analyzer are evaluated in a comparative study of LADOTD test piles.  Development of a comprehensive program that includes dynamic formulas but has the goal of greater reliance on the wave equation, from design through construction, is recommended.  Microcomputer software was developed to facilitate field implementation of WEAP87, the Hiley and Engineering News Record formulas.  In a test pile study, the pile driving analyzer was found to be reliable in predicting pile capacity, monitoring the structural intergrity of the pile during driving, and in evaluating setup."
44|"FHWA-PL-95-019"|"A Summary of the FHWA Contract Administration  Techniques for Quality Enhancement Study Tour (CATQUEST)"|"Anthony R. Kane"|"June 1994"|"1"|"HDOT"|"(None)"|"(None)"
45|"FHWA-AZ-95-372-001"|"Cost/Benefit and Risk Assessment Procedure for the Product Evaluation Program Volume I: Final Report"|"David Lewis, Doug Liner, Jonathan Harvey"|"January 1995"|"1"|"HDOT"|"New Highway and Transportation Products, Benefit-Cost Analysis, Risk Analysis, Economic Evaluation"|"The Product Evaluation Model (PEM) is designed to enable the Product Resource Investment Deployment and Evaluation program (PRIDE) of the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) to determine the likelihood that a new product is a worthwhile investment from an economic point of view, namely that its benefits outweigh its costs.  The model defines characteristics, (or ""attributes""), associated with products, utilizes their appropriate units of measure (metrics) and translates these product characteristics into the estimated costs and benefits that occur over a user-defined analysis period.  The main feature of the model is to measure the relative change in metrics that occur with the use of a new product and to forecast the net present value (NPV), or the discounted, present day value of all benefits minus all costs, associated with this change.  The resulting estimate of economic benefits allows transportation officials rank or choose among alternative products based on economic criteria.  This volume is the first in a series of two.  Volume II contains the Reference Manual and User's Guide for the Product Evaluation Model (PEM)."
46|"FHWA-AZ-95-372-002"|"Cost/Benefit and Risk Assessment Procedure for the Product Evaluation Program Volume II: Reference Manual and User's Guide"|"David Lewis, Doug Liner, Jonathan Harvey"|"January 1995"|"1"|"HDOT"|"New Highway and Transportation Products, Benefit-Cost Analysis, Risk Analysis, Economic Evaluation"|"The Product Evaluation Model (PEM) is designed to enable the Product Resource Investment Deployment and Evaluation program (PRIDE) of the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) to determine the likelihood that a new product is a worthwhile investment from an economic point of view, namely that its benefits outweigh its costs.  The model defines characteristics, (or ""attributes""), associated with products, utilizes their appropriate units of measure (metrics) and translates these product characteristics into the estimated costs and benefits that occur over a user-defined analysis period.  The main feature of the model is to measure the relative change in metrics that occur with the use of a new product and to forecast the net present value (NPV), or the discounted, present day value of all benefits minus all costs, associated with this change.  The resulting estimate of economic benefits allows transportation officials rank or choose among alternative products based on economic criteria.  This volume is the first in a series of two.  Volume I is the final project report, containing information on the technical background, analytical approach and verification of PEM."
47|"FHWA-SA-94-063"|"Test and Evaluation Project No. 21: Evaluation of Automated Pavement Distress Survey Equipment - Executive Summary"|"Robert Harris, Dave Huft, G. Norman Clark, Gaylord Cumberledge, Freddie Baker, Wouter Gulden, Mike Farrar, Doug Bish, Phil Elliott, Luis Rodriguez, Gary Henderson, Rudy Hegmon, Bill Bellinger, Sonya Hill, Evan Wisniewski, Frank Botelho"|"July 1994"|"1"|"HDOT"|"pavement management, pavement distress, automated distress survey equipment, IMS, PASCO, PAVE TECH, ROADWARE"|"This report is an executive summary of the results of a field test and evaluation (Test and Evaluation Project No. 21) of automated distress survey equipment.  The automated equipment evaluated in the study measures pavement distresses at highway speeds using 100 percent automated equipment, computers, and analysis packages without human intervention for network-level pavement management.  Manually assisted pavement distress survey equipment that uses human intervention to identify pavement distresses was also included in the field test and evaluation. The test was designed to evaluate the ability of the equipment to measure the type, extent and severity of cracks in flexible and rigid pavements.  This report encompasses accuracy of crack measurements; repeatability of measurements based on multiple runs: process time for the data; methodology used to collect and process the data; and a brief generic description of the equipment, hardware, and software.  The work plan, field test, evaluation, and preparation of the final report were performed by a team of experts from State highway agencies and from the Federal Highway Administration.  The Texas Department of Transportation hosted the field test and provided the coordination and logistical support.  A final report with more detailed test results is scheduled for publication later in the summer of 1994."
48|"FHWA-AZ-91-267"|"Development, Evaluation and Application of Left Turn Signal Warrants"|"Jonathan E. Upchurch, A. Essam Radwan, Arthur G. Dean"|"August 1991"|"1"|"HDOT"|"left turns, signal phasing, accident rates, warrants, simulation model"|"This study dealt with five types of left turn signal phasing: permissive, leading exclusive, lagging exclusive, leading exclusive/permissive and lagging exclusive/permissive.  The objectives of this research project were to: 1) develop a research work plan to conduct a statistically valid study for the development of numerical warrants for left turn movements, and 2) prepare a database of available information on signalized intersections and select the intersections to be used in the future study.  This report describes the database of Arizona signalized intersections created in this project, the findings on left turn accident rates for different types of left turn phasing (using a nonrandom sample), results of a validation study of the TEXAS computer simulation model, and presents a research work plan for a future research project."
49|"FHWA-AZ-89-250"|"Effects of In-Stream Mining on Channel Stability"|"Ruh-Ming Li, George K. Cotton, Michael E. Zeller, Daryl B. Simons, Patricia Q. Deschamps"|"June 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"sand and gravel mining, channel stability, sediment transport, river mechanics"|"This report contains the Appendices to Volume II, Final Report, addressing the impacts of in-stream and gravel mining on channel stability in Arizona.  The information contained in the Appendices provides further documentation in support of the major chapters of the final report.  Topics addressed in the appendices include: summary of response to sand and gravel mining questionnaires, summary of gravel mining and sediment transport studies on major Arizona rivers, review of litigation related to in-stream mining, long-term procedure technical appendix, documentation of computer program for short-term Channel Response due to In-Stream Mining (CRISM), documentation of computer program HEC-2SR for single-event river response simulation, topographic dataset, bed-material gradation dataset, hydrologic dataset, and mining activity dataset."
50|"FHWA-OH-89-017"|"The Ohio Pavement Rehabilitation Demonstration Program"|"Kamran Majidzadeh"|"February 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"pavement, rehabilitation, overlays, construction, performance, costs"|"This report presents a cooperative study initiated in 1983 by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT).  Its purpose was to establish cost and performance data for various rehabilitation strategies in Ohio.  ""The Ohio Pavement Rehabilitation Demonstration Program"" consisted of ten projects: four unbonded concrete overlays, one modified concrete pavement restoration (CPR), three crack and seat projects with various asphalt overlay thickness, one thin asphalt concrete overlay on an undersealed concrete pavement with new composite shoulders, and a 6- inch asphalt concrete overlay over a D-cracked pavement with minimal joint repair.  The construction operations have been documented and the performance of each project was periodically monitored.  Monitoring included consition rating, crack surveys, deflection testing, roughness measurements, and ride quality."
51|"FHWA-OH-92-001"|"Effect of Rigid Overlays on Corrosion Rate of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete Bridge Decks"|"David Whiting"|"October 1991"|"1"|"HDOT"|"concrete, concrete overlays, corrosion, latex-modified concrete, polarization, silica fume, superplasticizers"|"A study on the efffects of rigid overlays on corrosion rate of steel in reinforced concrete bridge decks was carried out using three-electrode linear polarization (3LP) instrumentation.  Corrosion currents were measured immediately prior to placement of overlays, and one and two years after placement.  Four latex modified concrete (LMC), three superplasticized dense concrete (SDC), and three condensed silica fume concrete (CFSC) overlays were included in the study.  Results of the study indicate that for LMC and CSFC overlays there is a decrease of from 1 to 2 mA/sq.ft.  in corrosion current after 2 years of service.  The most consistent decreases were observed for the CSFC overlays.  Results for the SDC overlays were less consistent."
52|"FHWA-CA-TL-93-015"|"Evaluate Vehicle Navigation and Communication Technologies"|"Edmund H. Ung, Walter A. Winter"|"October 1993"|"1"|"HDOT"|"global positioning system, highway inventory logging, dead reckoning, inductive loop detection"|"An automatic vehicle location system incorporated in a vehicle-based data logging system was developed.  Navigational inputs from various dead-reckoning sensors and a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver were used to establish the exact location of logged data.  The availability of such a location system eliminates the need for an operator to manually tag logged data, thus increasing productivity, accuracy and enhancing safety.  Short-range communication using inductive loops as location beacons was also investigated and reported in this project."
53|"FHWA-KS-92-004"|"Response of Piles in Loess to Lateral Loads"|"Karen A. Clowers, Jeffrey A. Frantzen"|"November 1992"|"1"|"HDOT"|"pile, lateral loading, p-y curve, pile loading test, nondimensional method pile analysis"|"The results of a series of field lateral load tests on eight piles embedded in pliestocene loess are presented.  The purpose of the study was to determine the appropriate p-y curve to use when analyzing laterally loaded piles using the p-y curve method.  A literature review was conducted to determine the state of the art of p-y curve analysis.  This review yielded no information on the response of piles in loess when analyzed by the p-y curve method.  The results of the study indicated that the behavior of piles in dry loess subjected to static lateral loads could be modeled using sand p-y curves and piles subjected to cyclic loading could be modeled with some manipulation of input data.  The load tests also showed that cast-in-place piles have a somewhat greater lateral load capacity than driven piles."
54|"FHWA-AZ-90-322"|"Forensic Pavement Analysis"|"Maralou DeNicholas"|"April 1990"|"1"|"HDOT"|"(None)"|"This study proposed to use portable weigh-in-motion systems to collect sample truck data throughout the State of Arizona in lieu of standard loadmeter testing.  The primary purpose of data collection was to provide a large quantity of useful data for input into the pavement design process.  It was also anticipated that the data would be helpful to state highway planners."
55|"FHWA-AZ-94-383"|"RHODES Project: Phase II (a)"|"Larry Head, Pitu Mirchandani"|"July 1994"|"1"|"HDOT"|"Traffic Control Systems, Intersection Control, Real-Time Traffic Adaptive Control, Simulation, Optimization"|"This report documents the work performed on the RHODES Project Phase II(a).  This research effort was the continuation of the RHODES Project Phase I.  Phase I explored concepts for models and algorithms for a real-time traffic-adaptive control systems for street networks, referred to as the RHODES System.  Phase II(a) focused on further development of some of these algorithms and on performing some preliminary laboratory experiments with these algorithmns using simulation models."
56|"FHWA-AZ-91-321"|"Comparative Analysis of Leading and Lagging Left Turns"|"Jim C. Lee, Robert H. Wortman, David J.P. Hook, Mark J. Poppe"|"August 1991"|"1"|"HDOT"|"traffic signals, left turn phasing, third car actuation, accident studies, travel time studies, traffic signal progression, intersection delay, public opinion, motorists' preference"|"This project was undertaken to compare operational and safety characteristics of leading verses lagging protected left turn operation.  The measure of effectiveness included field measured intersection delay with leading and with lagging left turns.  Intersections in Pima County, Glendale, Tempe and Mesa, Arizona were studied with both leading and lagging operation.  Intesection delay studies were also done with first car verses third car actuation of leading protected left turn phases.  Signal progression was studied with leading, lagging and combination of leadings and lagging left turns which provided the best progression.  This evaluation was accomplished with an instrumented vehicle and travel time runs throughout a grid.  Accident studies were conducted in Tucson, Pima County and Scottsdale, Arizona.  These studies compared accident frequency before and after the conversion from leading to lagging left turns.  A public opinion survey was conducted to obtain motorists' preference of leading or lagging left turns."
57|"FHWA-RD-93-158"|"Comparable System Analysis: Evaluation of Ten Command Centers as Potential Sites"|"Michael J. Kelly, Jeffrey M. Gerth, Philip D. West"|"December 1994"|"1"|"HDOT"|"comparable systems, IVHS, infrastructure site selection"|"This report presents a background and summary of the comparable system analysis performed to select potential study sites.  Study sites are being evaluated to define the state of the art in user support and user interface technology that might be adapted to future Traffic Management Center (TMC) and to identify human factors lessons learned in design and implementation of these TMC systems.  Site visits were made to 10 comparable systems related to highway traffic management and other types of operation control centers.  A correlational analysis of ratings comparing each site to an idealized traffic management center was used to select four sites for followup study.  Approach and methods to developing rating dimensions and conducting the correlational analysis are presented. This report concludes with recommendations for the follow site visits."
58|"FHWA-KS-94-002"|"Evaluation of Metal Sealer as a Primer and Rust Inhibitor for Paint Systems"|"Dave Meggers, Thomas Bruns, Jeff Shafer"|"August 1994"|"1"|"HDOT"|"corrosion, metal sealer paint, salt fog, steel structures"|"Half of several steel plates were treated with metal sealer and then painted entirely with various paint systems used by the KDOT. The plates were then placed in a salt fog cabinet to determine the metal sealers ability to prevent corrosion.  Pre-rusted plates were also coated with the metal sealer and placed in the salt fog cabinet to determine the product's ability to stop or retard the activity of pre-existing corrosion.  Test results indicated that the metal sealer did not improve or enhance existing paint systems used by KDOT and displayed little advantage in retarding pre-existing corrosion.  This may have been due to problems with sealer application.  Based on the results of this test, the KDOT does not feel that the use of this product will be of any benefit."
59|"FHWA-CA-TL-91-005"|"Cathodic Protection of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck and Soffit Using Metallized Zinc"|"R. A. Carello, D. M. Parks"|"November 1992"|"1"|"HDOT"|"reinforced concrete, corrosion, cathodic protection, zinc metallizing, metallized zinc anodes, bridge deck cathodic protection, impressed current,  polarization shift, electrical potential surveys"|"This report describes the application and testing of two separately installed metallized zinc cathodic protection (CP) systems: one applied to the deck and the other to the soffit of a reinforced concrete bridge that had been contaminated from deicing salt use on the top surface.  Both installations are impressed current systems.  The deck system was installed by state forces and the soffit system was installed by contract."
60|"FHWA-CA-TL-93-12B"|"Salt Marsh Bibilography with Emphasis on the Salt Marshes of California"|"Riesenberg IV, Felix, Robert D. Charney, Denise H. Conners, Malcolm A. McEwen, Ray B. Krone, George Tchnbanoglus"|"June 1991"|"1"|"HDOT"|"Saltmarsh, restoration, rehabilitation, creation, mitigation, bibliography"|"Highway construction projects along the California coast can potentially damage adjacent saltwater marshses causing a loss of saltmarsh values.  Normally, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) tries to avoid these losses by moving highway alignments or other techniques.  Occasionally, saltmarsh losses are unavoidable necessitating marsh restoration projects to replace lost saltmarsh values.  Considerable information is available from completed on salrmarsh mitigation, but much of this research has been conducted in States along the East Coast and Gulf of Mexico.  Much less specific information is available for California.  In this study, 423 books, reports, and articles were reviewed and summarized in an annotated bibilography.  The earliest article was written in 1927 and the latest in 1991.  The bibliography is indexed by author and by keyword and organized chronologically.  This report is part of a series of reports on saltmarsh mitigation prepared by the University of California for the California Department of Transportation."
61|"FHWA-IL-UI-174"|"Development of Emulsified Asphalt-Aggregate Cold Mix Design Procedure"|"Michael I. Darter, Patrick L. Wilkey, Steven R. Ahlfield, Richard G. Wasill"|"February 1978"|"1"|"HDOT"|"cold mixture, asphalt, mix design, aggregates, emulsion, pavement, materials, base couse"|"The development of an emulsified asphalt-aggregate cold mixture (EAM) design procedure is described.  The procedure is based on extensive laboratory and field testing, and uses the Marshall stability equipment and a capillary soak test.  The procedure consists of conducting aggregate and emulsion quality tests, determining the compatibility of emulsion and aggregate and emulsion quality tests, determining the compatibility of emulsion and aggregate (coating), optimum moisture content at mixing and at compaction, optimum residual asphalt content, and adequacy of structural and durability properties of the mixture.  The mix design  procedure is intended to be practical  and easily implementable by governmental agencies and others.  Several mix designs for actual projects were conducted to aid in verification.  Results show the procedure to be practical and resonable.  The study has shown that emulsified asphalt-aggregate cold mixtures are complex, and good engineering design is essential to achieve consistently satisfactory results."
62|"FHWA-AZ-88-254"|"Rational Characterization of Pavement Structures Using Deflection Analysis"|"Michael S. Mamlouk, William N. Houston, Sandra L. Houston, John P. Zaniewski"|"December 1988"|"1"|"HDOT"|"overlay design, flexible pavement, roughness, fatigue, plastic deformation, nondestructive testing, deflection, resilient modulus, dynamic analysis, backcalculation, stress sensitivity, economic analysis"|"In this study, a rational overlay design method for flexible pavements in Arizona has been developed which includes roughness, fatigue and plastic deformation models.  The method is incorporated in a microcomputer program which is also capable of analyzing the economics of other rehabilitation alternatives."
63|"FHWA-CA-TL-93-12D"|"Interim Guidance Manual: Salt Marsh Restoration, Rehabilitation, and Creation Techniques for Caltrans Construction Projects Volume I, Northern California"|"Robert D. Charney, Malcolm A. McEwen, Denise H. Conners, Felix Riesenberg, IV, Ray B. Krone, George Tchobanoglus"|"December 1990"|"1"|"HDOT"|"Saltmarsh, restoration, rehabilitation, creation, mitigation, design, planning, monitoring"|"California is unique because of its long coast.  The ecological regions of the State have seperate flora and fauna which must be considered by planners during mitigation projects.  There are also unifying principles which apply to all saltmarsh mitigation projects.  This guidance manual contains information on site assessment, monitoring, planning, design, construction, operations and maintenance activities associated with saltmarsh restoration projects along the coast of Northern California.  It is part of a four manual set covering the four ecological regions of the California coast: Northern California, Central California, Southern California and San Francisco Bay.  The manual provides a checklist for each major mitigation activity and background information.  The manual will serve as a set of instructions for Caltrans personnel to carry out planning, construction and monitoring of saltmarsh mitigation projects."
64|"FHWA-CA-TL-93-12E"|"Interim Guidance Manual: Salt Marsh Restoration, Rehabilitation, and Creation Techniques for Caltrans Construction Projects Volume II, Central California"|"Robert D. Charney, Malcolm A. McEwen, Denise H. Conners, Felix Riesenberg, IV, Ray B. Krone, George Tchnbanoglus"|"December 1990"|"1"|"HDOT"|"Saltmarsh, restoration, rehabilitation, creation, mitigation, design, planning, monitoring"|"California is unique because of its long coast.  The ecological regions of the State have seperate flora and fauna which must be considered by planners during mitigation projects.  There are also unifying principles which apply to all saltmarsh mitigation projects.  This guidance manual contains information on site assessment, monitoring, planning, design, construction, operations and maintenance activities associated with saltmarsh restoration projects along the coast of Central California.  It is part of a four manual set covering the four ecological regions of the California coast: Northern California, Central California, Southern California and San Francisco Bay.  The manual provdies a checklist for each major mitigation activity and background information.  The manual will serve as a set of instructions for Caltrans personnel to carry out planning, construction and monitoring of saltmarsh mitigation projects."
65|"FHWA-OH-95-002"|"Durability Characteristics of Precast Concrete Box Culverts"|"Osama Abdulshafi, Bozena Kedzierski, Leon O. Talbert"|"November 1994"|"1"|"HDOT"|"drycast, wetcast, precast, box culverts, concrete durability, microsilica, ground granulated blast furnace slag"|"This laboratory research study focused on: (1) durability of wetcast, precast, box culverts, with and without air entrainment., 2) durability of drycast, precast, box culverts without air entrainment, 3) Durability of wetcast and drycast, precast, box culverts made from concrete with the addition of microsilica and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBF).  Based on the examination of nine (9) wetcast and four (4) drycast box culverts, it was concluded that the use of air-entrained concrete improves the freeze-thaw durability of wetcast box culverts; drycast box culverts that are produced using non-air-entrained concrete have unsatisfactory freeze-thaw durability; the addition of microsilica and GGBF to the concrete reduced chloride ion permeability in both wetcast and drycast concrete box culverts."
66|"FHWA-NY-RR-92-153"|"Proof Testing of Highway Bridges"|"Gongkang Fu, Panayota Saridis, Jianguo Tang"|"January 1992"|"1"|"HDOT"|"proof testing, structural evaluation, proof load test, load capacity"|"This report presents preliminary results and a detailed plan for an investigation whose objective is to examine the economics and technology of proof testing of highway bridges.  Current practice of highway bridge structural evaluation in the United States and New York State is reviewed.  It is noted that current codes do not include provisions for proof testing in bridge structural evaluation, and no standard proof-testing procedures are available.  A reliability model is introduced to determine the proof loads required for acceptable structural safety.  The framework of a proof-testing procedural manual is also outlined.  An economic analysis is summarized including relevant costs and benefits."
67|"FHWA-NJ-88-017"|"Statistical Specification Development"|"Richard M. Weed"|"March 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"statistical specifications, statistical acceptance procedures, end-result specifications, quality assurance, random sampling, adjusted pay schedules"|"This report, which combines material from more than a dozen recent TRB papers with a substantial amount of new material, provides guidance in all phases of statistical specification development.  Written at a level that assumes the reader has a familiarity with basic quality assurance principles and terminology, it developes several original concepts in detail.  An interactive computer program for the development and analysis of statistical acceptance procedures is described.  Also included is the Fortran coding for several subroutines useful for computer simulation and a variety of other statistical applications.  Finally, the implementation of a statistical specification for portland cement concrete based on many of these principles is described."
68|"FHWA-AZ-88-279"|"Construction Material Testing and Quality Assurance Infrastruture Specification Report"|"Catherine Pomanti, Tom Wilson"|"June 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"quality assurance, construction, testing, materials, automation"|"The Arizona Department of Transportation monitors the construction of Transportation related facilities throughout Arizona.  As part of that process, materials are sampled and tested to insure compliance with specifications.  Presently, the information is stored in hard copy and summary information transmitted in hard copy form.  This system is time consuming, cumbersome, redundant and can lead to errors.  The main disadvantage is that the information collected is not easily available to affected users.  The report presents general specifications for automating the construction materials testing and quality assurance function."
69|"FHWA-AZ-89-702"|"Port of Entry Weigh-In-Motion Feasibility Study Final Report"|"(None)"|"March 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"Weigh-in-Motion, Port of Entry Profile Test, Enforcement Criteria"|"This research effort analyzes the feasibility of using slow speed Weigh-in-Motion (SWIM) equipment for enforcement applications in Arizona.  The technical performance of the SWIM System was assessed at the Ehrenberg Port of Entry on the Arizona/ California state line.  The effects of variation in platform smoothness and profile on scale accuracy were assessed.  Legal and institutional issues were also addressed and recommendations for implementation and further research were presented."
70|"FHWA-AZ-93-368"|"Processes for the Design of Large-Stone Mixtures A Review"|"R. A. Jimenez"|"January 1993"|"1"|"HDOT"|"Bituminous mixture, large-stone mixtures, design"|"The report is concerned with a literature review of the use of large-stron mixtures (LSM).  The specific topics of interest were the aggregate gradation, laboratory mixing methods, laboratory making of test specimens, and methods of test.  A questionnaire on LSM was sent to all of the states and the responses are listed.  Recommendations for the direction to be taken toward developing a LSM design procedure are presented."
71|"FHWA-AZ-88-229"|"Fine Aggregate Shape and Surface Texture"|"W. R. Meier, Jr., Edward J. Elnicky, Bernard R. Schuster"|"June 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"asphalt concrete, aggregate, aggregate shape, aggregate surface texture, rugosity"|"Aggregate shape and surface texture of fine aggregate for three different aggregate sources and four levels of degree of crushing was studied by seven different test procedures.  Asphalt concrete mixtures using these aggregates were tested for deformation under load by five different tests.  Efforts were made to correlate the fine aggregate test measurements to the asphalt concrete deformation properties.  The results from three of the fine aggregate tests were correlated with Hveem stability for the best relationships that were developed."
72|"FHWA-AZ-88-279"|"Construction Material Testing and Quality Assurance Infrastructure Concept Report"|"Catherine Pomanti, Tom Wilson"|"December 1988"|"1"|"HDOT"|"quality assurance, construction, testing, materials, automation"|"The Arizona Department of Transportation monitors the construction of Transportation related facilities throughout Arizona.  As part of that process, materials are sampled and tested to insure compliance with specifications.  Presently the information is stored in hard copy and summary information transmitted in hard copy form.  This system is time consuming, cumbersome, redundant and can lead to errors.  The main disadvantage is that the information collected is not easily available to affected users.  The report presents a concept for automating this process.  The concept consists of a LIMS operating on a central processor, workstations collecting information at the construction sites and a communication system to tie the system together."
73|"FHWA-AZ-89-250"|"Effects of In-Stream Mining on Channel Stability Executive Summary"|"Ruh-Ming Li, George K. Cotton, Michael E. Zeller, Daryl B. Simons, Patricia Q. Deschamps"|"June 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"sand and gravel mining, channel stability, sediment transport, river mechanics"|"This report consists of the Executive Summary of Volume II, Final Report addressing the impacts of in-stream sand and gravel mining upon the stability of river systems in Arizona.  The Executive Summary is a condensed version of the Final Report and includes discussion relative to all major categories such as: regulatory practices, structural hazards, economic value, social and environmental factors, state-wide classifications of streams, review of methodologies, mitigation measures, engineering parameters, long-term procedures, short-term procedures, river response simulation procedure, case histories, justification for regulation, implementation plan, and recommendations for further monitoring and data collection."
74|"FHWA-AZ-90-288"|"Safety and Operational Impacts of Raising the Speed Limit to 65 MPH"|"Jonathan Upchurch, Mushtaqur Rahman"|"April 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"speed limit, safety, accidents, speed"|"Arizona's experience with the 65 mile per hour speed limit is presented in terms of driver behavior and accident experience.  The speed limit on Arizona's rural Interstate was raised to 65 miles per hour on April 15, 1987.  Driver behavior is presented in terms of the speed which motorists actually drive on the rural Interstate.  Before and after data are presented from the last quarter of 1983 through the first quarter of 1988.  Vehicle speeds increased by only about three miles per hour or less during the four quarters following the speed limit increase.  A five year history of Interstate accident data -- 1983 through Spring 1988 is presented which provides a before and after comparison.  Total accidents, fatal accidetns, and injury accidents information is presented.  Accident rate information is presented to account for the effect of increasing vehicle miles of travel.  Accident data on the urban Interstate are presented for comparison purposes."
75|"FHWA-CA-TL-93-016"|"Lateral Electronic Guidance System for Vehicles"|"Mahlon D. Heller"|"June 1993"|"1"|"HDOT"|"lateral vehicle control, vehicle guidance"|"This research is one component related to investigating the feasibility of developing an AHS, Automated Highway System, that is a strategy under IVHS, Intelligent Vehicle Highway System.  The objective of this research is to investigate using vision, passive waire and active microwave/radar techniques for automatic lateral guidance of highway vehicles with conventional steering.  On-vehicle tests indicate that vision, passive wire and radar sensor techniques can be used to provides the necessary information to laterally control a vehicle with conventional steering at highway speeds up to 70 mph within (+ or -) 0.15 meters on straight and curved sections and within (+ or -) 0.3 meters when the vehicle transitions from a straight to curve road section or curve to straight road section.  Only lateral displacement from the sensors is passed to the steering controller for lateral vehicle control.  The research of this project indicates that curve preview (looking ahead to obtain curve information) is not required.  The steering control computer algorithm is based on the sliding mode approach."
76|"FHWA-OH-95-012"|"Implementation of Proper Erosion and Sediment Control Practices - Manual"|"Gayle F. Mitchell"|"June 1995"|"1"|"HDOT"|"erosion, sediment, highway construction, erosion control practices, sediment control practices, Best Management Practices, training in erosion and sediment control"|"With the increasing awareness among governmental agencies, the construction industry, and the public of the importance of erosion and sediment control, departments of transportation and others are developing and providing educational training to individuals working in construction.  This report provides an overview of training in erosion and sediment control practices provided to Ohio Department of Transportation construction personnel.  A video and manual were developed to introduce the basics, best managements practices, including installation, maintenance and inspection issues, and regulatory information of erosion and sediment control for highway construction.  There were used in four workshop sessions in Ohio.  Participants evaluated the training materials and workshops immediately after the training and near the end of the construction season.  The majority of the participants noted that after the training their perception of the importance of erosion and sediment control was incrweased and they were better prepared to handle job related erosion and sediment control issues."
77|"FHWA-RWE-OEP-78-002"|"Highways and Ecology: Impact Assessment and Mitigation"|"Paul A. Erickson, George Camougis, Edward J. Robbins"|"March 1978"|"1"|"HDOT"|"highway, ecology, wildlife, terrestrial environment, aquatic environment, impact, wetland, mitigation measures"|"The enactment of NEPA expanded the requirements for the highway professional to consider all aspets of a highway development project.  Part of this assessment is the effects of highway projects, highway operations, and highway maintenance on natural resources.  These effects occur at both the biological and ecological level.  This book uses an ecosystem approach to impact assessments.  The components and dynamics of terrestrial, aquatic and wetland ecosystem are described.  Potential biological and ecological impacts of a highway project are also described.  This analysis is broken down into pre-design, design, construction and operation and maintenance phases.  Extensive discussions on methods of mitigating adverse impacts and enhancing the practices biological resources are included.  Much material on current practices has been gathered during the presentation of a course sponsored by the National Highway Institute, Ecological Impacts of Proposed Highway Improvements.  Case studies and references are used extensively to provide the reader with a chance for more in-depth review of a particular practice."
78|"FHWA-SA-94-077"|"Inductive Loop Tester - ILT II, Summary Report (TE-26)"|"Joseph Raj, Dr. Ajay Rathi"|"September 1994"|"2"|"HDOT"|"inductive loop tester, detectors, loop, cross talk"|"The report is a summary of Test and Evaluation Project No. 26 of the Inductive Loop Tester 0 ILT II, which is a full automated, digital hand-held inductive loop tester.  The report presents the background of the project, its operating principles, key features, how measurements were made, and modes of operation.  It also addresses the field testing background and field testing results.  It presented conclusions and recommendations for further study."
79|"FHWA-LA-91-235"|"Wirtgen Remixer Surface Recycling"|"Roland J. Doucet, Jr., Harold R. Paul"|"February 1991"|"1"|"HDOT"|"pavement asphalt, recycling, hot, surface"|"This report documents the surface recycling of 7.4 miles of route U.S. 90 from the junction of La 99 to Jennings, Louisiana.  The specialized recycling equipment was provided and operated by Remixer Contracting Co., Inc. of Austin, Texaz.  Roadway production included heating the existing pavement, milling to a 1.5 inch depth, adding rejuvenator and new mix and placing 2.0 inches of recycled, Type 3 wearing course.  The daily roadway production proceeded with very few problems and averaged 0.9 lane-miles perday.  The surface recycling project realized a savings over the conventional design.  The economic benefit of such savings will be determined after performance evaluations are completed."
80|"FHWA-CA-TL-93-12F"|"Interim Guidance Manual: Salt Marsh Restoration, Rehabilitation, and Creation Techniques for Caltrans Construction Projects Volume III, San Francisco"|"Riesenberg IV, Felix, Robert D. Charney, Macolm A. McEwen, Denise H. Conners, Ray B. Krone, George Tchobanoglus"|"December 1990"|"1"|"HDOT"|"Saltmarsh, restoration, rehabilitation, creation, mitigation, design, planning, monitoring"|"California is unique because of its long coast.  The ecological regions of the State have seperate flora and fauna which must be considered by planners during mitigation projects.  There are also unifying principles which apply to all saltmarsh mitigation projects.  This guidance manual contains information on site assessment, monitoring, planning, design, construction, operations and maintenance activities associated with saltmarsh restoration projects in San Francisco Bay.  It is part of a four manual set covering the four ecological regions of the California coast: Northern California, Central California, Southern California and San Francisco Bay.  The manual provides a checklist for each major mitigation activity and background information.  The manual will serve as a set of instructions for Caltrans personnel to carry out planning, construction and monitoring of saltmarsh mitigation projects."
81|"FHWA-CA-TL-93-12G"|"Interim Guidance Manual: Salt Marsh Restoration, Rehabilitation, and Creation Techniques for Caltrans Construction Projects Volume IV, Southern California"|"Riesenberg IV, Felix, Robert D. Charney, Macolm A. McEwen, Denise H. Conners, Ray B. Krone, George Tchobanoglus"|"December 1990"|"1"|"HDOT"|"Saltmarsh, restoration, rehabilitation, creation, mitigation, design, planning, monitoring"|"California is unique because of its long coast.  The ecological regions of the State have seperate flora and fauna which must be considered by planners during mitigation projects.  There are also unifying principles which apply to all saltmarsh mitigation projects.  This guidance manual contains information on site assessment, monitoring, planning, design, construction, operations and maintenance activities associated with saltmarsh restoration projects along the coast of Southern California.   It is part of a four manual set covering the four ecological regions of the California coast: Northern California, Central California, Southern California and San Francisco Bay.  The manual provides a checklist for each major mitigation activity and background information.  The manual will serve as a set of instructions for Caltrans personnel to carry out planning, construction and monitoring of saltmarsh mitigation projects."
82|"FHWA-LA-87-208"|"Correlation of Construction Quality Criteria With Performance of Asphaltic Concrete Pavements"|"S. C. Shah"|"August 1987"|"1"|"HDOT"|"pavement condition raint, hot mix pavement performance, performance specifications"|"This report is concerned with the determination of relationship between asphaltic concrete surface course specifications and the level of performance of pavements constructed under these specifications.  The relationship was investigated through comparative evaluation of deficient (in specification) and non-deficicent sections using a combination of pavement condition rating and ride rating as the criteria for evaluation.  The analysis and evaluation of the data indicated (1) a recognizable difference in the level of performance between 100 percent pay or non-deficient sections and the deficient sections for stability and surface tolerance criteria of acceptance; (2) little difference int he performance level between the two groups of sections for compaction criteria deficiency; (3) pot hole patching for test or deficient sections to be much more than the corresponding control or non-deficient section (4) that majority of the sections (control or test) have not reached end of life according to PSI measure of serviceability."
83|"FHWA-AZ-88-227"|"Porous Pavement for the Control of Highway Runoff"|"W. R. Meier, Edward J. Elinicky"|"May 1988"|"1"|"HDOT"|"porous pavement, permeability, pavement drainage, open-graded"|"A three lane by 3500 linear feet portion of an urban highway was constructed of porous pavement.  This design resulted from a research study of the use of porous pavement to provide highway drainage.  The roadway utilized open-graded layers of asphalt concrete, asphalt treated base and untreated aggregate subbase.  A filter fabric was placed for separation of the subbase and subgrade.  The free draining pavement layers drain into a trench at the edge of the pavement.  The drainage trench is filled with open-graded aggregate.  Construction procedures and problems are discussed along with initial performance indications."
84|"FHWA-DP-90-085-004"|"Demonstration Project 85, Video Imagery Systems for Highway Applications"|"Bill McCall, John Whited"|"May 1990"|"2"|"HDOT"|"laser disc, video technology, roadway imagery"|"The report describes the state of the art video equipment used and experiences gained from the 6,800 mile field test.  The first objective of this project was to determine if laser disc equipment could capture and store usable roadway images while operating in a mobile environment.  The second objective was to evaluate methods of using optical disc storage and retrieval features to enhance highway planning and design function."
85|"FHWA-NJ-88-015"|"Route I-78 Shoulder Rehabilitation Evaluations: A final report"|"Victor E. Mottola, Gerald Kauffman"|"June 1988"|"1"|"HDOT"|"shoulder rehabilitation, milling, bituminous, recycling, in-place stabilization, lime-fly ash, slurry seal, drainage"|"This report describes the field evaluation and performance results of several shoulder rehabilitation techniques after six year of service on a six-lane interstate highway through rolling terrain in north central New Jersey.  The techniques varied from simple maintenance repairs and slurry sealing to 8"" thich tied concrete shoulders.  The cost effectiveness of each treatment was determined using an Equivalent Uniform Annual Cost method.  Because most of the distress noted in the test sections was water related, the importance of providing and maintaining good surface and subsurface drainage is stressed in the report.  Recommendations on the most cost effective rehabilitation techniques are provided."
86|"FHWA-AZ-87-207-001"|"Simplified Bridge Load Rating Methodology Using the National Bridge Inventory File Volume I: Users Manual"|"Roy A. Imbsen, Robert A. Schomber"|"August 1987"|"1"|"HDOT"|"overload, bridge rating, national bridge inventory analysis"|"The purpose of this research was to develop a computerized system to determine the adequacy of a bridge or group of bridges to carry specified overload vehicles.  The system utilizes two levels of analysis.  The Level 1 analysis is the basic rating system for the Arizona Department of Transportation.  This analysis computes the overload capacity with a limited amount of data.  A Level 2 evaluation which conducts a more detailed evaluation, uses an enhanced NBIF database, Standard plans, or a more detailed analysis similar to Brass.  A Special Level 2 analysis was also developed to analyze continuous slab bridges by utilizing data from standard slab plans.  Detailed case studies were conducted on twenty-five typical Arizona bridges to verify the methodology used in the Level 1 procedure and to correlate the bridge plans with data in the NBIF.  The Level 1 proedure gives ratings which are within 10% of the Level 2 procedure for bridges which satisfy the level one assumptions.  Similarly, the Special Level 2 analysis for reinforced concrete continuous bridges gives ratings within 10% of the Level 2 analysis.  The NBIF compared well with general bridge plans and is applicable to Level 1 analysis for ""typical bridges""."
87|"FHWA-AZ-87-207-002"|"Simplified Bridge Load Rating Methodology Using the National Bridge Inventory File Volume II: Program Listing"|"Roy A. Imbsen, Robert A. Schomber"|"August 1987"|"1"|"HDOT"|"overload, bridge rating, national bridge inventory analysis"|"The purpose of this research was to develop a computerized system to determine the adequacy of a bridge or group of bridges to carry specified overload vehicles.  The system utilizes two levels of analysis.  The Level 1 analysis is the basic rating system for the Arizona Department of Transportation.  This analysis computes the overload capacity with a limited amount of data.  A Level 2 evaluation which conducts a more detailed evaluation, uses an enhanced NBIF database, Standard plans, or a more detailed analysis similar to Brass.  A Special Level 2 analysis was also developed to analyze continuous slab bridges by utilizing data from standard slab plans.  Detailed case studies were conducted on twenty-five typical Arizona bridges to verify the methodology used in the Level 1 procedure and to correlate the bridge plans with data in the NBIF.  The Level 1 proedure gives ratings which are within 10% of the Level 2 procedure for bridges which satisfy the level one assumptions.  Similarly, the Special Level 2 analysis for reinforced concrete continuous bridges gives ratings within 10% of the Level 2 analysis.  The NBIF compared well with general bridge plans and is applicable to Level 1 analysis for ""typical bridges""."
88|"FHWA-AZ-87-207-003"|"Simplified Bridge Load Rating Methodology Using the National Bridge Inventory File Volume III: Final Report"|"Roy A. Imbsen, Robert A. Schomber"|"August 1987"|"1"|"HDOT"|"overload, bridge rating, national bridge inventory analysis"|"The purpose of this research was to develop a computerized system to determine the adequacy of a bridge or group of bridges to carry specified overload vehicles.  The system utilizes two levels of analysis.  The Level 1 analysis is the basic rating system for the Arizona Department of Transportation.  This analysis computes the overload capacity with a limited amount of data.  A Level 2 evaluation which conducts a more detailed evaluation, uses an enhanced NBIF database, Standard plans, or a more detailed analysis similar to Brass.  A Special Level 2 analysis was also developed to analyze continuous slab bridges by utilizing data from standard slab plans.  Detailed case studies were conducted on twenty-five typical Arizona bridges to verify the methodology used in the Level 1 procedure and to correlate the bridge plans with data in the NBIF.  The Level 1 proedure gives ratings which are within 10% of the Level 2 procedure for bridges which satisfy the level one assumptions.  Similarly, the Special Level 2 analysis for reinforced concrete continuous bridges gives ratings within 10% of the Level 2 analysis.  The NBIF compared well with general bridge plans and is applicable to Level 1 analysis for ""typical bridges""."
89|"FHWA-LA-90-229"|"Prediction of Flood Quantiles an Ungaged Watersheds in Louisiana"|"Babak Naghavi, James F. Cruise, Senarath Ekanayake"|"December 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"regional frequency, stochastic hydrology, ungaged watersheds"|"Four popular regional flood frequency methods were compared using Lousiana stream flow series.  The state was divided into four homogeneous regions and all undistorted, long-term stream gages are used in the analysis.  The GEV, TCEV, regional LP3 and USGS regression methods were applied to this data base and compred in terms of descriptive capabilities.  Based upon several factors, the GEV method was selected as the superior method overall.  A procedure to apply this method to ungaged watersheds using regression equations and regional non-dimensional flood distribution was then developed.  It was found that the procedure performed well when applied to data not used in the calibration of the model.  The method is easier to apply and more accurate in terms of descriptive and probably predictive ability than any other feasible method."
90|"FHWA-LA-91-242"|"Evaluation of Joint & Subbase Efficiency in Rigid Pavement Using Nondestructive Testing"|"Thomas E. Cousins"|"Janauary 1991"|"1"|"HDOT"|"pavements, tied shoulders, joints, concrete overlays"|"The first phase of this study was undertaken to develop an inexpensive, easy-to-use non-destructive test procedure for evaluating the structural condition of transverse joints in concrete pavements.  The test method consists of a load deflection measurement technique (18,000 pound single-axle load) in conjunction with a finite element model of the jointed slab system, called JSLAB.  Time-deflection measurements were recorded over a variety of concrete pavement thicknesses, ages, and conditions.  The process was determined to be very useful as an aid in making rehabilitation decisions for concrete joints.  Deflection based guidelines are provided for concrete pavement rehabilitation decisions for joint  replacement and for grinding and undersealing of faulted joints.  The test method was sufficiently sensitive to characterize a roadbed soil conditioned with lime, and then treated with cement, as containing greater stiffness than soil (for the same pavement) that was lime conditioned only.  The second phase was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of adding a bonded concrete overlay and tied shoulder to an existing C.R.C. pavement with asphalt shoulder.  In general, the addition of an overlay and tied shoulder reduced pavement deflections significantly.  The test method used was similarto that in Phase I and included load deflection measurements in conjunction with the finite element program JSLAB."
91|"FHWA-LA-94-280-B"|"Implementation of Louisiana Electric Cone Penetrator System ( LECOPS) for Design of Transportation Facilities"|"Mehmet T. Tumay"|"March 1994"|"1"|"HDOT"|"electric cone penetration test, piezon cone, miniature cone, in situ data base management, soil classification, subsurface soil characterization, expert system"|"In this research, the Louisiana Electric Cone Penetrometer System (LECOPS) and the accompanying data acquisition and reduction codes (TRUCK, CONEDATA & CONEXP) were developed, field tested and implemented to enable the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Developement  to maintain and even advance its soil design expertise.  The results of this project will further provide a research vehicle and a desperately needed soils information data base."
92|"FHWA-MN-RC-95-016"|"Statewide Statistical Subgrade Characterization"|"Randal J. Barnes, Igor Jankovic, David Colom"|"June 1995"|"1"|"HDOT"|"geostatistics, FWD, Subgrade Characterization, Subgrade Modulus Atlas"|"This report presents a detailed statistical analysis and graphical presentation of more than 120,000 subgrade modulus values from Minnesota state roads and highways.  These subgrade modulus values are based on Falling Weight Deflectometer measurements collected by the Minnesota Department of Transportation between 1983 and 1993.  This report gives a one-page summary for each road in each district where measurements exist.  This summary page contains a plot of the modulus versus the reference post, modulus versus year where a measurement is collected, modulus histogram, and a number of state-wide summaries.  The one-page summaries are accompanied by a number of district and state-wde summaries, and nomograms for the selection of sample spacing, to form the state of Minnesota subgrade modulus Atlas."
93|"FHWA-LA-94-284"|"Accelerated Biodegradation of a Herbicide Applied to the Roadside Environment Using Adapted Soil Microoraganisms"|"D.D. Adrain, D. Roy, G.A. Breitenbeck, C. Hinz, G. T. Wang, D. Muirhead, S. Kallur, R. R. Kommalapati, A. Jackson"|"June 1984"|"1"|"HDOT"|"biodegradation, pesticides, mathematical models, bacteria, hazardous spills, roadside environment, cost functions"|"The extent and duration of pollution from herbicide spills and deliberate applications is related to properties of the herbicide and soil.  Objectives of this study included the development of experimental procedures and mathematical models to determine the sorption, transport, and biodegradation rates of a herbicide in soil using adapted microorganisms."
94|"FHWA-AZ-89-260-001"|"Suzubg Riprap for the Protection of Approach Embankments and Spur Dikes and Limiting the Depth of Scour at Bridge Piers and Abutements"|"Ruh-Ming Li, Robert MacArthur, George Cotton"|"June 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"riprap, scour, shear stress tractive force, safety factor, bank protection"|"This report presents a review of published literature on riprap design technology and examines Arizona case histroeis of riprap performance.  The literature review grouped the factors affecting riprap design into hierarchical categories relative to scale.  The four factors identified include: riprap properties, site characteristics, hydraulic and sediment transport conditions, and river response.  Eleven case histories from documentation supplied by the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service (SCS) are examined.  The review of Arizona case histories is intended to provide the basis for understanding the dominant river processes associated with riprap protection measures.  The literature review and case histories indicate a set of design requirements to be considered when designing riprap revetment."
95|"FHWA-LA-92-265"|"Evaluation of Methods and Materials Used to Attach Strain Gages to Polymer Grids for High Strain Conditions"|"John W. Oglesby, Behnam Mahmoodzadegan, Paul M. Griffin"|"December 1992"|"1"|"HDOT"|"gage, strain gage, geogrid"|"This report concerns the attachment of strain gages to polymer soil reinforcement grids (geogrids) for high elongation measurements, i.e., 5% and higher.  Existing methods of attaching strain gages to geogrids are not suited for measurement of these high strains.  Therefore, a research study was initiated to develop practical and repeatable procedures for attaching strain gages to geogrids to monitor large strains.  The study involves examination of the factors which can affect the gage-geogrid bond during laboratory unconfined extension tests.  Samples of different types of geogrids instrumented with strain gages are pulled at a constant rate and the deformations are measured.  Detailed attachment procedures are developed and specific recommendations for strain gage and coating selection are given for two common types of geogrid."
96|"FHWA-LA-92-252"|"Design Procedures for Heat Straightening Repair: An Engineering Guide"|"R. Richard Avent"|"December 1992"|"1"|"HDOT"|"steel bridges, damage, repair, heat straightening, girders, trusses"|"This report summarizes over four years of research on heat-straightening repairs and provdies a prototype engineering guide for the application of heat-straightening to bridge structures. It is based on the research results in a companion report entitled, ""Development of Engineering Design Procedures for Heat-Straightening Repair of Damaged Structural Steel for Bridges.""  This guide is not complete.  In particular, repair of localized damage is not addressed.  However, methods are provided for implementing procedures for repairing specific cases of global damage.  The guide is written in specification format and can be used or incorporated into technical specifications for heat straightening.  In addition to a general section, other sections include: damage assessment, material assessment, design of repair sequence, and field supervision of repair.  The report concludes with a summary of the research report upon which the guide is based.  Major conclusions of the research as well as recommendations for future research are presented."
97|"FHWA-LA-92-248-002"|"Wet Weather Highway Accident Analysis and Skid Resistance Data Management System User's Manual"|"R. C. Mclhenny, K. S. Lee, Y. S. Chen"|"June 1992"|"1"|"HDOT"|"wet weather accidents, skid resistance testing, data management, accident data analysis"|"The objectives and scope of this research are to establish an effective methodology for wet weather accident analysis and to develop a database management system to facilitate information processing and storage for the accident analysis process, skid resistance testing and other related tasks.  The methodology employed consists of four phases: review and documentation of current LDOTD and LTRC procedures, engineering and statistical review of literature and procedures in the area of accident analysis, identification and recommendation of improvements which may facilitate data management and recovery, and design and development of a new computer information system based on recommendations defined in the third task.  An effective wet weather accident analysis, testing, and database management system that allow only needed locations to be identified, tested, and reported is implemented."
98|"FHWA-LA-92-248-001"|"Wet Weather Highway Accident Analysis and Skid Resistance Data Management System Volume 1"|"R. C. Mclhenny, K. S. Lee, Y. S. Chen"|"June 1992"|"1"|"HDOT"|"wet weather accidents, skid resistance testing, data management, accident data analysis"|"The objectives and scope of this research are to establish an effective methodology for wet weather accident analysis and to develop a database management system to facilitate information processing and storage for the accident analysis process, skid resistance testing and other related tasks.  The methodology employed consists of four phases: review and documentation of current LDOTD and LTRC procedures, engineering and statistical review of literature and procedures in the area of accident analysis, identification and recommendation of improvements which may facilitate data management and recovery, and design and development of a new computer information system based on recommendations defined in the third task.  An effective wet weather accident analysis, testing, and database management system that allow only needed locations to be identified, tested, and reported is implemented."
99|"FHWA-RD-95-181"|"Design on an ITS-Level Advanced Traffic Management System"|"Deborah A. Mittla, Michael J. Kelly, Dennis J. Folds"|"July 1996"|"1"|"HDOT"|"Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS), Human Factors, Intelligent Transportation System (ITS)"|"This report documents an approach for designing an Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) from a human factors perspective.  In designing the ATMS from a human factors perspective, a user-centered top-down system analysis was conducted.  Methodologies employed in conducting this analysis, procedures for implementing such methodologies, and analysis results are reported.  Systems objectives and performance requirements for the ATMS, as well as ATMS functionality, are derived.  Human operator issues (assignment of operator roles to ATMS functions, specification of operator performance requirements, and identification of operator tasks) are also addressed.  Results of the operator task analysis supported the preparation of a human factors specification for the ATMS."
100|"FHWA-AZ-91-264-001"|"Evaluation of Concrete Pavements in the Phoenix Urban Corridor"|"K. D. Smith, D. G. Peshkin, A. L. Mueller, E. Owusu-Antwi, M. I. Darter"|"September 1991"|"1"|"HDOT"|"concrete, concrete pavement, pavement performance, pavement evaluation, pavement design, pavement rehabilitation"|"This volume summarizes the performance of the various concrete pavements in the Phoenix Urban Corridor.  That performance data is then used in the evaluation of various concrete pavement deisgn models to assess their applicability to Arizona conditions.  Attempts at the development of new models from the performance data were not successful due to the limited number of sections and the large number of confounding factors.  The performance data was also used in the development of design recommendations and in the determination of suggested rehabilitation activities for each section.  This volume is the first in a series of two."
101|"FHWA-OK-92"|"Guardrail End Accident Analysis"|"J. L.  Gattis, John P. Varghese, Larry E. Toothaker, S. R. K. Narla"|"December 1992"|"1"|"HDOT"|"guardrail, accident studies, safety"|"This documented attributes associated with guardrail end accidents on Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) roadways.  The database which the researchers studied included accidents at a variety of guardrail end types, but most ends were either exposed or turned-down.  The severity of exposed and of turned-down guardrail end accidents in relation to lateral location of the guardrail, to vehicle rolling and vualting, and to vehicle weight was investigated.  Each accident report was read carefully to obtain relevant information for analyses."
102|"FHWA-LA-91-261"|"Evaluation of Fiber Reinforced Concrete"|"Nick Rabalais"|"May 1991"|"1"|"HDOT"|"fiber reinforced concrete, water-cement ratio, flyash, superplasticers, toughness index"|"This study was conducted to evaluate the physical properties of plastic and hardened fiber reinforced concrete using three basic types of fibers: steel fiberglass and polypropylene.  Fibers have been shown to increase flexural and tensile strenght, ductility and toughness of concrete."
103|"FHWA-CA-TO-95-008"|"Acceleration Lanes for Turning Vehicles at Rural Intersections"|"Jan Botha, Peter Mckean, Willis Cheng"|"July 1994"|"1"|"HDOT"|"acceleration lanes, rural highways, stop-controlled intersections"|"Guidelines for the implementation and design of acceleration lanes for right- and left- turning traffic, at stop-controlled intersections on rural high-speed highways, are presented.  The guidelines  were based on a review of existing practice and an operational as well as a safety analysis at intersections with and without acceleration lanes."
104|"FHWA-MN-RD-94-010"|"Using Shredded Waste Tires as a Lightweight Fill Material for Road Subgrades"|"Glenn M. Engstrom, RIch Lamb"|"April 1994"|"1"|"HDOT"|"waste tires, lightweight fill, subgrade"|"Waste tires have been a disposal problem in the past and are continuing to accumulate throughout the U. S. today.  Using shredded waste tires as a lightweight fill material for road construction has proven to be a beneficial use of this waste product.  Shredded tires have been used as a lightweight fill material in Minnesota, Colorado, Oregon, Washington, North Carolina, Virginia, and Wisconsin.  Minnesota began using shredded tires as a lightweight fill material in 1985 on logging roads through areas with weak soils.  This report documents seven sites in Minnesota that used shredded wastes tires as lightweight fill.  Shredded tires were proven to be a viable form of lightweight fill because they are relatively lightweight, inexpensive and non-biodegradable."
105|"FHWA-TS-78-209"|"Guidelines for Cone Penetrating Test"|"John Schmertmann"|"February 1977"|"1"|"HDOT"|"(None)"|"(None)"
106|"FHWA-DP-37"|"Asphalt Rubber Stress Absorbing Membrane Interlayers (Interim Report)"|"Sidney, Q. Kidd"|"June 1981"|"1"|"HDOT"|"stress absorbing membrane interlayers, asphalt rubber, devulcanized and vulcanized asphalt rubber, vulcanized rubber, Petromat fabric"|"The objective of this project is to evaluate two asphalt rubber system and the Petromat fabric system used in stress absorbing membran interlayers and to compared them with the use of a chip seal to control reflective cracking.  Asphalt rubbert and Petromat fabric can be applied without difficulty.  It appears that both asphalt rubber systems and the Petromat fabric system will be helpful in retarding reflective cracking and also sealing the base from surface water; but, time will be required before it can be determine how much each system helps and if there is sufficient improvement to justify the additional cost."
107|"FHWA-H-038"|"Pavement Deflection Measurement - Dynamic Phase III Section II (Vehicle)"|"Frank W. Brands, John C. Cook"|"August 1972"|"1"|"HDOT"|"non-destructive testing, pavement condition, pavement evaluation, impulse testing"|"Implementation of automatic data acquisition using impulse techniques requires the development of a mechanical device to set an instrument package on the pavement, deliver an impulse of energy , and retrieve the instrument package.  This is to be accomplished automatically with the vehicle proceeding down the highway.  This report describes developments towards an improved system for accomplishing the desired results.  The system employs a cleated belt supported by dual wheels in the configuration of a V-belt which caries the instruments.  A penumatic hammer which delivers an impulse of energy to the pavement and its supporting linkage is also described.  A bibliography of previous reports on impulse techniques of pavement testing is included."
108|"FHWA-CA-TL-93-12C"|"Interim Guidance Manual: Salt Marsh Restoration, Rehabilitation, and Creation Techniques for Caltrans Construction Projects"|"Riesenberg IV, Felix, Robert D. Charney, Macolm A. McEwen, Denise H. Conners, Ray B. Krone, George Tchobanoglus"|"September 1990"|"1"|"HDOT"|"saltmarsh, restoration, rehabilitation, creation, mitigation, research needs"|"Highway construction projects along the California coast can potentially damage adjacent saltwater marshes causing a loss of saltmarsh values.  Normally, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) tries to avoid these losses by moving highway alignments or other techniques.  Occasionally, salthmarsh losses are unavoidable necessitating marsh restoration projects to replace loss saltmarsh values.  Considerable information is available from research completed on saltmarsh mitigation, but much of this research has been conducted in States along the East Coast and the Gulf of Mexico.  Much less specific information is available for California.  In this study, we investigated the available information on saltmarsh hydrodynamic processes, soil development, vegetation establishment, monitoring requirements, spatial requirements, construction techniques and storm water treatment.  The purpose of this investigation was to determine information needs to conduct effective saltmarsh mitigation projecst in California .  In each area, what was known about the subject was summarized and a list of research needs was determined.  The research needs developed are primarily applicable to the California coast with general application to other coastal salt marsh areas.  This report is part of a series of reports on saltmarsh mitigation prepared by the University of California for the California Department of Transportation."
109|"FHWA-LA-91-221"|"Fly Ash in Concrete"|"Masood Rasoulian"|"December 1991"|"1"|"HDOT"|"fly ash concrete, strength, concrete mixing, admixtures"|"This study was initiated to develop information regarding the use of fly ash in portland cement concrete for state construction projects."
110|"FHWA-NJ-89-004-7733"|"Evaluation of a New Passing Zone Gore Design"|"Thomas M. Batz"|"August 1988"|"1"|"HDOT"|"passing zones, delineation, gores, passing efficiency, passing on the right"|"The purpose of this research study was to determine the effects that a new passing zone's gore design had on traffic characteristics.  The new gore design consisted of a painted gore at the beginning of the passing zone which guides the traffic into the right lane, therefore directing the slow-moving vehicles out of the left lane.  The project's three objectives were to determine of the new gore design : is more efficient than the old design by allowing more vehicles to pass; reduce illegal and erratic maneuvers and; has any effect on the safety of the roadway."
111|"FHWA-AZ-SP-8902"|"The History, Development, and Performance of Asphalt Rubber at ADOT"|"Larry A. Schofield"|"December 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"asphalt rubber, SAM, SAMI, Three layer system, Stress absorbing membrane, ACFC, ARACFC, Reacted asphalt rubber, Overlay"|"This report evaluates ADOT's two decades of experience with asphalt-rubber materials.  It discusses the chronological development of asphalt rubber but ADOT and the five principle uses of asphalt rubber.  The performance of asphalt-rubber materials are determined from historical records and pavement test sections."
112|"FHWA-TS-88-006"|"Portable Concrete Barrier Connectors"|"J. L. Graham, J. R. Loumiet, J. Migletz"|"November 1987"|"1"|"HDOT"|"portable concrete barrier, worker safety, crash tests, work zone traffic control, PCB connector design"|"This report contains the results of portable concrete barriers use, an analytical analysis of connector strenghts, review of crash test results and narratives on visits to highway agencies to learn about current application and performance."
113|"FHWA-RD-92-096"|"Evaluation of Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridge Structures by the Impact-Echo Technique"|"Al Ghorbanpoor"|"December 1993"|"1"|"HDOT"|"concrete, inspection, nondestructive evaluation ,bridges, post-tensioning ducts, impact-echo, voids, finite elements"|"This report presents the results of an investigation to evaluate existing nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques and to further develop a method for the detection of voids in the ducts of post-tensioned bridge structures.  After evaluation of several NDE techniques, the impact-echo technique was chosen as the method with the most promise.  Impact-echo system components were developed and/or assembled and were used to perform laboratory investigation, numerical modeling, and field testing."
114|"FHWA-SA-93-026"|"Recommandations Clouterre 1991"|"Francois Schlosser"|"August 1993"|"1"|"HDOT"|"nails, soil nails, soil nailing, soil-nailed wall, anchored wall, reinforced earth, ground modification, retaining wall, French National Project Clouterre"|"The Recommandations CLOURTERRE 1991 consitute the culmination of the French National Project CLOUTERRE, which was conducted from 1986 to 1990 with a total budjet of 22 million French francs.  These ""Soiling Nailing Recommendations"" represent a major contribution to the engineering community interested in the cost effective earth excavation support system known as soil nailing."
115|"FHWA-SA-94-026"|"Local Technical Assistance Program Accomplishments and Successes 1992"|"Lisa Pogue"|"November 1993"|"1"|"HDOT"|"LTAP, Technology Transfer Centers, local govenment"|"This publication details accomplishments and successes of the 50 Technology Transfer Centers nationally that were established under the Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP).  The LTAP serves as the primary channel through which innovative transportation technology is prepared and delivered to both urban and rural local communities in the United States and to American Indian tribal governments.  Since 1982, a network of Technology Transfer Centers has been established to work with local transportation agencies in addressing their specific transportation goals and to present new transportation technology and product alternatives to meet those goals.  As of 1992, there were 50 centers, one in nearly each State and one in Puerto Rico.  Base level funding for the technology tranfer centers are provided by the Federal Highway Administration and State and local govenments match the Federal funds."
116|"FHWA-HPR-NM-83-093"|"Rehabilitation of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks"|"Ronald B. McPherson"|"June 1987"|"1"|"HDOT"|"rehabilitation, concrete, bridge deck"|"This is the fourth, and final, report in a series on reinforced concrete bridge decks resulting from a three-year study conducted for the New Mexico State Highway and Transportation Department.  This fourth report deals primarily with the deck condition survey and its use in the selection of a bridge deck rehabilitation method.  Background materials, contained in the previous three reports, is summarized.  This includes information on protective systems to mitigate deck deterioration; the feasibility of a bridge deck management system for use in establishing rehabilitation priorities; and results of a chloride ponding test on concrete core samples from selected NMSH&TD bridge decks to investigate the effectiveness of various protective systems.  Conclusions based on the results of the three-year study are presented and two related studies are proposed."
117|"FHWA-HPR-NM-87-002"|"Performance of Polymer Modified Chip Seals"|"T. S. Shuler"|"September 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"polymer modified asphalt, chip seals, seal coats, asphalt modifiers, elastomers, plastomers, copolymers, vialit"|"The purpose of this study was to construct a full-scale test pavement using binders consisting of two sourced of polymer modified high-float asphalt emulsion and one control high-float emulsion.  Aggregates used varied from clearn, high quality materials to marginally dirty materials.  All materials were placed at rates appropriated for the existing pavement surface conditions and aggregate properties.  Emulsions were applied from two pressure distributors equipped with standard and variable rate nozzles such that effect of lower emulsion application rates in the wheel paths could be observed.  Field and laboratory Vialit tests were conducted during the experiment and suggestions are presented for improvement to the recommended procedure for obtaining repeatable test results."
118|"FHWA-CA-TL-87-007"|"Guidelines for Using Recycled Tire Carcasses in Highway Maintenance"|"John Williams, Donald Weaver"|"May 1987"|"1"|"HDOT"|"discraded tires, shoulder reinforcement, channel slop protection, blowsand barriers, recycled"|"This report presents an investigation into the use of discarded tires for use as shoulder reinforcement and channel slope protection in areas where serious erosion has occurred.  It also investigated the use of discarded tires for windbreaks for the temporary control of blowing sand.  Guidelines for shoulder reinforcement and channel slop protection are included in this report."
119|"FHWA-TS-86-226"|"Proceedings, Workshop in Pavement Rehabilitation"|"Various"|"September 1986"|"1"|"HDOT"|"rehabilitation, recycling, portland cement pavement, asphalt concrete pavement, overlay design, maintenance, life cycle cost"|"Of the 37 papers presented at the Workshop in Pavement Rehabilitation, all are reproduced in this report.  The workshop was held in Albany, New York on April 2-3-4, 1985, and was attended by over 135 people from National, State, and local governments, as well as industry and academia.  These proceedings cover most aspects of Asphalt Concrete Pavement and Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Rehabilitation including Recycling, Overlay Design, Relief Joints, Load Transfer and Drainage.  Life cycle costs, traffic losing, traffic control and maintenance were addressed in addition, National Rehabilitation Policies, Perspectives of Industry and ongoing research were discussed."
120|"FHWA-LA-91-233"|"Instrumentation of the Red River Bridge at Boyce, Louisiana"|"K. Nam Shiu, H. G. Russell, H. Tabatabai"|"January 1991"|"1"|"HDOT"|"prestressed concrete, segmental bridges, time-dependent effects, field tests, creep, shrinkage, relaxation, temperature"|"This report describes the instrumentation program of Red River Bridge at Boyce, Louisiana.  The objectives of the program were to measure and evaluate time-dependent deformations, deflections, and temperatures of the Red River Bridge superstructure.  To achieve the objectives, field instrumentation was installed on the bridge structure before and during construction.  Strain and temperature sensors were placed in three selected bridge segments of one bridge span.  Measurements were made for a period of five years."
121|"FHWA-AZ-88-212"|"Use of Solar Energy for Lightening of Overhead Guide Signs, Roadway Lighting, and Intersection Traffic Signals"|"Edward E. Upchurch, Paul E. Russel, Edward F. McbBrien"|"February 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"solar energy, photovoltaic systems, lighting"|"The principal objective of this study was to demonstrate the technological and economic feasibility (or lack thereof) of photovoltaic powered systems for overhead guide sign lighting, roadway lighting, and traffic signalization.  A preliminary technical and economic feasibility study concluded that the first two applications were feasible, but that full-scale traffic signalization was not.  In lieu of full-scale traffic signalization, the project developed a system to power flashing warning lights.  Photovoltaic systems were designed, constructed, field tested and evaluated for overhead guide sign lighting, roadway lighting, and powering of flashing warning lights.  All these systems were found to be dependable and economical for application at remote sites where a conventional power supply is not available.  In addition, previous research has shown that roadway lighting can have a safety benefit at remote locations which have a high nighttime accident rate and that flashing warning lights have a safety benefit."
122|"FHWA-NJ-88-519-7707"|"Cold Recycling of Bituminous Pavements Buckshutem Road, Country Road 670 Cumberland Country, NJ- A final report"|"E. Mottola, Anthony Chmiel"|"October 1990"|"1"|"HDOT"|"cold recycled aggregate base course construction"|"This report describes NJDOT's first experience using a Cold Recycling process for rehabilitation of a Bituminous roadway. In this process 2 - 3 inches of Bituminous material was milled along with 3-4 inches of based material.  This material was then throughly mixed with an asphalt emulsion.  The effectiveness of this process was gauged by a pogram of Visual Inspection, Benkelam Beam Measurements, and Resilient Modulus Testing.  However, the process was discontinued after about 1 1/2 miles were completed because of the overly ambitious approach taken.  Major changes in the geometry of the original roadway was attempted with this process.  These changes to line and grade were not possible with the equipment used on this project.  Additionally, the material recycled with the surface course (mostly clays), required several days to set up necessitating closing of the roadway to all but local traffic."
123|"FHWA-CA-TL-F93-017"|"Gabion Facilities Along the Pacific Coast Highway"|"James Anthony Racin"|"June 1993"|"1"|"HDOT"|"corrosion, gabion, polyvinyl chloride, zinc, twisted, welded, steel, wire, mesh, rock slope protection"|"The report documents completed research of assessing how four gabion facilities performed.  They were built in 1985 along the Pacific Coast Highway in California.  There are two gravity walls, and two 6-TON rock slope protection (RSP) revetments.  Gabion mattresses were used under the 6-TON RSP instead of progressively smaller classes of RSP.  Twisted hexagonal mesh was 12-gage steel wire with coatings of hot-dipped zinc and gray polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for corrosion protection.  Related study results are published.  It was determined that twisted hexagonal and welded square-grid gabions are comparable.  Flexibility and deflection results of the related study were useful in our assessment."
124|"FHWA-AZ-89-257-001"|"Slope Erosion Control for Urban Freeways in Arid Climates"|"Dennis Duffy, Hilda Hatzell"|"June 1993"|"1"|"HDOT"|"slope erosion, surface protection, arid climates, vegetation, rock fragments"|"The character and extent of slope erosion damage to urban freeways in the Metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona area was examined.  The costs associated with this damage was determined and a reporting program developed to track future erosion damage.  A review of existing erosion knowledge and soils within the study area was conducted.  As a result of this review a comprehensive testing program was developed to predict the erosion potential of freeway slopes.  This existing program incorporates both raindrop impact and overland of freeway slopes.  This existing program incorporates both raindrop impact and overland flow induced stresses on slope surfaces.  The effectiveness of vegetation in retarding erosion was also evaluated and found to be marginally effective in arid climates."
125|"FHWA-AZ-88-202-001"|"Small Sign Support Analysis: Phase I Crash Test Program"|"Hayes, E. Ross, Jr., Deam L. Sicking, Wanda L. Campise, Richard A. Zimmer"|"August 1988"|"1"|"HDOT"|"sign , support, safety, test, crash, small, impact"|"This report describes a series of full-scale vehicular crash test conducted to evaluate the impact performance of small sign supports used by the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT).  The tests were conducted and evaluated in accordance with the recommendations of NCHRP Report 230 and the 1985 AASHTO  ""Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires and Traffic Signals."""
126|"FHWA-"|"Congestion Pricing : Guidelines for Project Development"|"K. T. Analytics"|"May 1994"|"2"|"HDOT"|"(None)"|"(None)"
127|"FHWA-JPO-96-0014"|"Shared Resources: Sharing Right-of-Way for Telecommunications"|"Susan Jakubiak, Adam Relin"|"April 1996"|"1"|"HDOT"|"shared resources, telecommunications, ITS, fiber optics"|"This report presents the research on the institutional and non-technical issues related to shared resource projects.  Shared resource projects are a particular form of public-private partnering that may help public agencies underwrite their telecommunications infrastructure for ITS.  The partnership involves sharing the public resources of roadway right-of-way and the private resources of telecommunications expertise and capacity to the advantage of both parties.  Most commonly, private telecommunications providers are granted access to roady right-of-way for their own telecommunications infrastructures (principally) fiver optics conduits and cable) in exhange for providing telecommunications infrastructure to the public sector.  In some cases, the arrangement povides private telecommunications firms with access to roadway right-of-way in exchange for cash compensation to the public sectio, which can then ben directed to the public sector transportation, ITS, or other needs.  This report identifies and explores 20 issues associated with implementation of shared resource projects and describes various options for dealing with these issues.  The report also presents five case studies to illustrate the types of arrangements that have been implemented to date."
128|"FHWA-OH-91-007"|"Development of a Rational Approach to the Evaluation of Pavement Joint and Crack Sealing Materials"|"John Cook, Frank Weisgerber, Issam Minkarah"|"Janaruy 1990"|"1"|"HDOT"|"seals, cracks, joints, highway pavements, elastomers, silicone, testing methods, evaluations"|"This study included interviews, field evaluations, measurements of gap motions, laboratory testing and stress analysis relating to highway pavement crack and joint seals.  Both asphalt and concrete pavements were included.  This report provides extensive comparative data on the behavior of a wide variety of sealant materials and seal configurations.  Successful sealing practices, such as using the ""saw and seal"" technique for asphalt overlays, and wide-spread problems, such as maintaining an effective bond to concrete, have been documented fully.  The primary results, conclusions and recommendations are summarized in three sets of guidelines provided in Appendices.  These are guidelines for : a) predicting the potential of materials for use as sealants; b) selecting seal materials and configurations; and c) evaluating sealants in place."
129|"FHWA-SA-91-034"|"Synthesis of Safety Research Pedestrians"|"Charles V. Zegeer"|"June 1991"|"1"|"HDOT"|"pedestrians, conflict analysis, overpass, exposure, handicapped, coutermeasures, crosswalk, barrier, pedestrian signal"|"This synthesis provides information from past research on pedestrians, with a primary emphasis on pedestrian safety.  The topics include characteristics of pedestrian accidents, conflict analysis and hazard formulas, pedestrian safety programs, and countermeasures related to engineering and education.  Engineering measures discussed in this report include pedestrian barriers, crosswalks, signs, signals, right-turn-on-red, innovative traffic control devices, refuge islands, provisions for handicapped pedestrians, bus stop location, school trip safety, overpasses, sidewalks, and others.  Information is also included on educational considerations and traffic enforcement and regulations related to pedestrians."
130|"FHWA-KS-93-001"|"Hot Bituminous Pavement Recycling, US-56, Edwards and Pawnee Counties, Kansas"|"Glenn A. Fager, Rodney G. Maag"|"October 1993"|"1"|"HDOT"|"hot recycle, bituminous pavement, recycling"|"This project was the first hot recycle project constructed in Kansas and one of the first in the United States.  Using the experimental cost data and only cracking to determine pavement life, this hot recycle project was not economically feasible.  Wheelpath rutting was not a problem throughout the life of both pavements.  Opacity and particulate requirements were never met on this first hot recycle project.  Due to the many unknowns, the project was considered a success."
131|"FHWA-AZ-88-202-002"|"Small SIgn Support Analysis Phase II - Static, Pendulum and Full- Scale Crash Test Programs, Volume I (Report)"|"James R. Morgan, Hayes E. Ross, Jr., Richard E. Schuler, Wanda L. Campise"|"August 1988"|"2"|"HDOT"|"sign, support, safety, test, crash, small, impact, upgrade, retrofit, cost effectiveness"|"This report, in two volumes, compiles the static, pendulum and full-scale crash test results of alternative small sign support systems for Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT).  The tests were conducted and evaluated in accordance with the recommendations of NCHRP Report 230 and the 1985 AASHTO ""Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires and Traffic Signals."""
132|"FHWA-RD-91-094"|"Instrumentation for Flexible Pavements - Field Performance of Selected Sensors, Volume I: Final Report"|"P. Sebaaly, N. Tabatabaee, B. Kulakowski, T. Scullion"|"June 1992"|"1"|"HDOT"|"H-gauges, pressure cells, LVDT, geophone, SLD, MDD, Hall effect sensor, inductive gauges, thermocouples, soild state sensors"|"This report presents the results of a research study on methods for measuring stress and strain in bituminous pavements subjected to dynamic vehicle loading."
133|"FHWA-"|"Proceedings International Conference on Design and Construction of Deep Foundations Volume 1: Keynote Papers"|"Various"|"December 1994"|"1"|"HDOT"|"deep foundation systems"|"(None)"
134|"FHWA-"|"Proceedings International Conference on Design and Construction of Deep Foundations Volume 2: Sessions 1 Through 4"|"Various"|"December 1994"|"1"|"HDOT"|"deep foundation systems"|"(None)"
135|"FHWA-"|"Proceedings International Conference on Design and Construction of Deep Foundations Volume 2: Sessions 5 Through 7"|"Various"|"December 1994"|"1"|"HDOT"|"deep foundation systems"|"(None)"
136|"FHWA-MN-RD-83-005"|"Effect of Concrete Shoulders on Concrete Pavement Performance"|"S. D. Tayabji, C. G. Ball, P. A. Okamoto"|"October 1983"|"1"|"HDOT"|"concrete pavements, concrete shoulders, pavements, pavement performance, pavement testing"|"A field program of strain and deflection measurements was conducted.  The objective of the program was to evaluate the effect of frozen support, tied-concrete shoulder, and tridem-axle loading on concrete pavement performance.  Results of the study on the effect of tied-concrete shoulder are presented in this paper."
137|"FHWA-CA-TL-3167-76-028"|"Experimental Overlays to Minimize Reflection Cracking"|"Roy W. Bushey"|"September 1976"|"2"|"HDOT"|"reflection cracking, experimental overlays, stress relieving interlayers, asphalt concrete overlays"|"California's research on experimental asphalt concrete overlays to minimize reflection cracking has been in progress since 1971.  An evaluation of various methods and systems is being made to determine their effectiveness in reducing reflection cracking in bituminous overlays.  The purpose of this interim report is to present information on the construction of the experimental overlay projects and to report on their performance to date."
138|"FHWA-HPR-NM-87-003"|"Polymer Verification in Asphalt Binders"|"T. S. Shuler"|"February 28, 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"polymers, asphalt modifiers, polymer modified binders, recovery, resiliency, polymer content"|"Two simple laboratory tests were evaluated to determine if the type and quantitiy of polymer contained in an asphalt cement can be identified.  The two tests are standards described by ASTM and the California Highway Department (Caltrans).  The ASTM procedure was evaluated as described by ASTM and after modifications.  The Caltrans test was evaluated after modification of the standard procedure.  Tests were conducted using three paving grade asphalt cements available for use by the New Mexico State Highway and Transportation Department (NMSHTD) and six polymer modifiers at two levels of concentration.  Results indicate that simple tests can be used as a means of determining the presence or absence of polymer modifiers in asphalt.  The tests evaluated are rapid and simple to perform and utilize equipment already available to the NMSHTD or which can be easily fabricated using conventional tools.  Each test could be adapted to field use with minor modifications."
139|"FHWA-HPR-NM-88-003"|"A Pavement Rehabilitation Expert System (PARES) for Preliminary Design"|"T. Ross, S. Verzi, S. Shuler, G. McKeen, V. Schaefer"|"July 1990"|"1"|"HDOT"|"expert system, pavement design, rehabilitation, maintenance"|"The objective of this research effort was to develop a computerized expert system that could be used to assist the New Mexico State Highway and Transportation Department's (NMSHTD) Planning Bureau and Materials Lab Bureau, in the evaluation and development of rehabilitation schemes for flexible pavements."
140|"FHWA-NY-RR-90-150"|"Performance and Service Life of Low-Slump-Concrete Bridge Deck Overlays in New York"|"William P. Chamberlin"|"October 1990"|"1"|"HDOT"|"bridge decks, reinforcement, corrosion, chlorides, low-slump concretes, service life"|"Fifty randomly selected concrete bridge decks in New York State, overlad with low-slump concrete, were studied in 1985 after an average of 5 years of service.  The investigation included recording surface defects, measuring delamination and half-cell potentials, and sampling and testing for deck chloride profile.  Conclusions are drawn with regard to the nature and significance of the observed damage, and estimates are made of service life expectancy.  Policy implications for the New York State Department of Transportation are discussed."
141|"FHWA-NMSHTD-89-003"|"Feasibility of Operational Improvements on Albuquerque Freeways"|"J. W. Hall"|"August 1990"|"1"|"HDOT"|"freeway control, freeway surveillance, incident management, route diversion"|"This study examined the feasibility of implementing a freeway surveillance and control system on the 35 miles of interstate freeway in Albuquerque.  The research initally examined the traffic, accident, and incident characteristics of the existing system.  It subsequently describes the effects of a lane blocking incident under conditions that are typical of those found during peak periods on albuquerque freeways, and examines the effect of potential improvements due to improved response time, traffic diversion, and similar control strategies.  The merits and shortcomings of alternative incident detection and traffic control techniques are discussed as they apply to Albuquerzue freeways.  Based on results of this preliminary study, it is recommended that a real-time freeway control program be implemented in a staged manner on Albuquereuq freeways.  An initial system should include loop detectors, variable message signs, and closed circuit TV cameras; research should continue along with system implementation."
142|"FHWA-LA-91-243"|"Evaluation of Thin Epoxy System Overlays for Concrete Bridge Decks"|"Masood Rasoulian, Nick Rabalais"|"December 1991"|"1"|"HDOT"|"thin epoxy aggregate overlay systems, skid resistance, friction number, concrete bridge deck"|"Four overlay systems were applied to concrete bridge decks in north Louisiana in May 1985 to evaluate their performance as firction surface primarily and also as concrete sealers.  Dural Flexolith, Poly-Carb Flexogrid, and Con/Chem Cono/Crete were placed on three separate bridge decks; sand and Dural epoxy were placed on the fourth deck.  Friction numbers were measured with the British Portable Tester and the E- 274 Skid Trailer.  The sealing characteristics of each system were checked with electrical resistivity measurements.  A five-year evaluation determined that Dural Flexolith and basalt aggregate and Poly-Carb Flexogrid  (broadcast systems) provided very good friction characteristics.  They were also crack resistance and remained bonded to the concrete.  The use of sand and Dural epoxy produced a less effective surface for skid resistance, but its use is more intended for low ADT applications.  The mortar system (Con/ChemCono/Crete) produced low skid numbers initially but improved slightly over the evaluation period."
143|"FHWA-LA-92-251"|"Development of Engineering Design Procedures for Heat-Straightening Repair of Damaged Structural Steel in Bridges"|"Robinson , Avent, Madan, Shenoy"|"December 1992"|"1"|"HDOT"|"steel bridges, damage, repair, heat straightening, girders, trusses"|"Reported here is a comprehensive experimental and analytical investigation of heat-straightening repair of damaged steel.  The study summarizes over four years of research and development.  A comparison report, ""Design Procedures for Heat-Straightening Repairs: "" An Engineering Guide, "" provides a summary of implementable procedures resulting from this research."
144|"FHWA-AZ-HPR-224"|"Prevention of Reflective Cracking in Arizona Minnetonka-East ( A Case Study)"|"George B. Way"|"May 1976"|"1"|"HDOT"|"reflective cracking, overlay, heater scarification, asphalt rubber, fiberglass, petroset, reclamite, asbestos, asphalt, cracking, roughness, rutting, deflection, costs, maintenance"|"In conjunction with a thin overlay (1-1/4"" AC and 1/2"" ACFC) 18 test sections consisting of various treatments were built in 1971 and 1972 to determine to what extent they prevented reflective cracking.  From these 18 treatments five were found to significantly reduce reflective cracking.  These treatments were: 1. Heater scarification plus petroset, 2. Asphalt rubber membrane interlayer, 3. Fiberglass, 4. Heater scarification plus reclamite, 5. 200/300 penetration asphalt.  Beside cracking other performance values including roughness, rutting, deflection and asphalt properties are reported, costs in terms of construction and actual maintenance are given.  From all of the above each treatments mechanism of failure or success is reviewed and considered in determining the conclusions and recommendations."
145|"FHWA-HPR-NM-84-92"|"Investigation of Mathematical Models for Asphalt Pavement Rutting"|"R. D. Pavlovich, T. S. Shuler, R. G. McKeen, M. Eliassi"|"December 1987"|"1"|"HDOT"|"asphalt pavements, rut predictions, VESYS-3A, creep models, field data"|"Field studies in New Mexico indicate that trucks are presently operating with tire inflation pressures that average approximately 105 psi with approximately 25 percent operating at 115 psi.   Modifications to the VESYS-3A computer program were made by FHWA for NMERI, to accept higher wheel load and tire pressures.  The program was then used to predict rut depths produced by aircraft loads with wheel loads of approximately 30 kips and inflation pressure sof up to approximately 355 psi.  While computer code modifications were successful, it does not apprear that codes can be used directly for rut prediction for aircraft, since these modifications are not widely available.  Furthermore, additional issues important with regard to aircraft wheel configurations and loads were not investigated.  This portion of the study does suggest, however, that back calculations based on rut measurements may produce information necessary to estimate materials characteristics necessary for routine used of the program.  Modified Shell creep models were considered as an alternate to determine materials characteristics necessary to predict rut damage due to new higher pressure truck tires.  Shear models are suggested as possible methods to provide insight to rutting due to higher tire pressures and to design mixtures capable of supporting these loads."
146|"FHWA-AZ-88-188"|"Evaluation of Methods to Control Debonding"|"R. A. Jimenez"|"December 1988"|"1"|"HDOT"|"asphalt concrete, debonding, stripping, durability, test for asphaltic concrete, tests for debonding, treatments for debonding"|"The purpose of this research was to evaluate various test methods for obtaining a measure of resistance to debonding of asphaltic concrete.  The work was done in two phases.  Phase 1 was involved principally with laboratory prepared specimends and Phase 2 with the changes in susceptibility to debonding of pavement cores as the pavement increased in service time."
147|"FHWA-NJ-89-008-7110"|"Skid Resistance Study - Final Report Aggregates and Skid Resistance"|"Kathleen T. Diringer"|"March 1990"|"1"|"HDOT"|"skid resistance, aggregate polishing, seasonal variation"|"The goals of this study was to correlate the results of a laboratory test procedure measuring aggregate polish resistance with skid resistance in bituminous pavements.  This correlation would be instrumental in identifying skid-resistance aggregates, and would create the potential for assuring lifelong skid-resistant bituminous pavements."
148|"FHWA-OH-90-005"|"Nondestructive Testing and Identification for Bridge Rating"|"Ahmet E. Aktan, M. Raghavendrachar"|"May 1990"|"1"|"HDOT"|"bridge rating, frequency response functions, flexibility, impact testing, modal parameters, nondestructive testing"|"A nondestructive bridge testing scheme based on a practical impact testing methodology has been described.  In this method, acceleration responses at several points on a test bridge due to impact are measured and frequency response functions are computed.  Using multi-reference curve-fitting algorithmns, modal parameters of the bridge viz., frequencies, damping and mode shapes are determined.  The experimental results are then used in developing and calibrating a finite-element model of the test bridge, so that its frequencies and mode shapes correspond to those that are experimentally determined.  Since the analytical model is calibrated with reference to results of the field tests, this model incorporates the existing state of the test bridge.  The reliability of this model to correctly simulate the mechanisms of flexibility as well as the support and continuity conditions and, the soil-pile connectivity is verified through static truck-load tests.  The calibrated analytical model is then used to determine the rating factor of the test structure.  The ability to obtain flexibility of the test bridge directly through processing the experimental data without assuming the mass is also demonstrated."
149|"FHWA-OH-94-018"|"Performance Evaluation of Fiber Reinforced Asphalt Concrete"|"Yeou-Shang Jeng"|"March 1994"|"1"|"HDOT"|"fiber reinforcement, asphalt  concrete, polyester fibers, polypropylene fibers, reflective cracks, fracture energy, creep, fatigue, resilient modulus, indirect tensile strength, Marshall design, loaded-wheel test"|"Literature review, site conditions surveys, and laboratory tests were conducted to assess the performance of asphalt concrete pavements reinforced by synthetic fibers (mainly polyester fibers and polypropylene fibers) in the presented study.  Based on the available reserach reports, fiber reinforcement was found, in most instances, to be able to delay reflective crack formation in asphalt concrete pavements for up to two years.  However, addition of fibers did not seem to significantl enhance the rutting resistance of fiberized sections.  Similar conclusions were also derived based on the existing site condition surveys.  Uniaxial creep test, fatigue test, resilient modulus test, indirect tensile strength test, and Marshall stability test were performed in the laboratory to evaluate the effectiveness of fibers in resisting crack formation and rutting in asphalt concrete pavements.  It was found that reinforcement provided by fibers does increase the fracture energy and indirect tensile strength, which indicates a better crack resistance provided by the fiberized mixes.  However, test results obtained from uniaxial creep test and loaded-wheel test indicated that utilization of fibers may not be a very effective solution for rutting problem observed in asphalt concrete pavements.  A more rigorous field test was recommended to verify the findings reported in this project."
150|"FHWA-NY-RR-90-151"|"Evaluation of a Culvert-End Safety Grate"|"James E. Bryden"|"August 1990"|"1"|"HDOT"|"culverts, culvert outlets, grates, testing"|"Culvert ends located within the highway clear zone of the right-of-way present potential hazards to errant drivers leaving the roadway.  One of the less expensive solutions is installation of a safety grate over the culvert opening.  A grate of welded steel reinforcing bars was developed by the Department's Region 9 (Binghamton), and has undergone six drive-over tests and two full-scale crash tests.  These showed that the grate was strong enough to protect large and small sedans crossing exposed culvert ends, without damage to the grates or vehicles, with the terrain on which the grate is located having a greater effect on vehicle trajectory than the grate itself."
151|"FHWA-NY-RR-90-148"|"Cable Guidrail Breakaway Terminal Ends"|"Richard G. Phillips, Ashley B. Tyrell, James E. Bryden, Jan S. Fortuniewicz"|"March 1990"|"1"|"HDOT"|"brakaway cable terminals, cables, guardrails, collision tests, guardrail terminals, guardrail design"|"Twelve full-scale crash tests were performed at the Department's Highway Safety Test Center to evaluate performance of modifications of the existing cable guiderail breakaway-terminal end.  A recemnt test at Southwest Research Institute using an 1800-lb seedan revealed that in the existing design, cables did not release when a departing vehicle impacted just upstream of the anchor.  Three modified anchorage systems were evaluated in accorfance with NCHRP Report 230 criteria, with the final design resulting in acceptable performance."
152|"FHWA-TS-78-202"|"Portland Cement Concrete Pavements Script for Slide Presentation"|"Peter J. Nussbaum, Edwin C. Lokken, Leland W. Dong, Nicholas Artimovich, Edwin C. Granley"|"1978"|"1"|"HDOT"|"(None)"|"(None)"
153|"FHWA-TS-78-215"|"Repair of Continuosly Reinforced Concrete Pavement"|"Calvin George, Russell Owen, Pat Sullivan, William Tyler, Robert Morales, Gorman S. Pounders, Joseph E. Ross, Van Westbrook, R. L. Hollimon, W. C. Moore, Brooks Polk, Bud Smith, Paul Teng, W. R. Brown, H. F. Garrison, R. P. Hudson, G. B. Peck, E. F. Wyatt"|"April 1978"|"1"|"HDOT"|"(None)"|"(None)"
154|"FHWA-TS-78-204"|"Sand-Asphalt-Sulphur Pavement Field Trial Highway U. S. 77, Kenedy County, Texas"|"John O Izatt, B. M. Gallaway, D. Saylack"|"April 1977"|"1"|"HDOT"|"(None)"|"(None)"
155|"FHWA-AZ-SP-8902"|"The History, Development, and Performance of Asphalt Rubbert at ADOT"|"Larry A. Scofield"|"December 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"asphlat rubber, SAM, SAMI, Three layer system, stress absorbing membrane, ACFC, ARACFC, Reacted asphalt rubber, overlay"|"This report evaluates ADOT's two decades of experience with asphalt-rubber materials.  It discusses chronological development of asphalt rubber by ADOT and the five principle uses of asphalt rubber.  The performance of asphalt-rubber materials are determined from historical records and pavement test sections."
156|"FHWA-RT-89-031"|"State and Local Highway Training and Technology Resources"|"(None)"|"January 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"(None)"|"(None)"
157|"FHWA-"|"Soils and Foundations Workshop Manual"|"Richard S. Cheney, Ronald G. Chassie"|"November 1982"|"1"|"HDOT"|"foundation design, site investigation, soils testing, spread footings, piles, wave equation"|"The objectives  of this workshop manual is to present a recommended method for safe, cost-effective design and construction of foundations.  Coordination between engineers in all project phases is stressed.  The reader is encouraged to develop an appreciation of foundation activities in all project phases which influence or are influenced by his work."
158|"FHWA-TS-88-041"|"Follow up Report - Asphalt Pavement Rutting - Western States"|"Able, Betenson, Bolling, Cooper, Fudaly, Hanson, Harvey, Jones, Rask, Tea, Teng, Warburton"|"February 1988"|"1"|"HDOT"|"pavement, asphalt, rutting, design, construction"|"A series of workshops were conducted to develop guidelines to assist the WASHTO States in preventing or reducing rutting in asphalt pavements.  The asphalt pavement design and construction practices used by the Western States were collected and analyzed.  These practices, along with a series of recommendations for immediate implementation and a list of recommended areas for future research, were discussed in Report No. FHWA-TS-84-211.  The current report, FHWA-TS-88-041, discusses the progress that has been made in implementing the recommendation from the previous report.  Tables are included which compare the procedures and requirements in several States to the recommendations in the report.  Detailed discussions of State practices are also provided."
159|"FHWA-MT-96-9110-002"|"A Study of Recycling Feasibility"|"J. S. A. Pribanic, J. A. Smith, P. W. Jennings, C. A. Bell"|"March 1986"|"1"|"HDOT"|"High Performance Gel Permeation Chromatography, HP-GPC, Dynamic mechanical analysis, DMA, Asphalt Pavement Recycling"|"This report describes a feasibility of recycling aphalt pavements using two major analytical techniques: High Performance Gel Permeation Chromatography (HP-GPC) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA).  HP-GPC probes the chemistry of the asphalt cement.  DMA measures certain physical characteristics of the asphalt cement and of the mix."
160|"FHWA-RD-75-001"|"Highway Air Quality Volume 1. Design of Air Monitoring Surveys"|"Kenneth E. Noll, Terry Miller"|"March 1975"|"1"|"HDOT"|"air quality, air pollution, environmental impact statements, air quality instrumentation, air quality monitor survey"|"This report provides technical information for those engineers involved in evaluating air quality near highways and overall transportation systems.   Volume 1 provides informations for individuals engaged in planning, designing, and managing air quality monitoring studies."
161|"FHWA-RD-75-002"|"Highawy Air Quality Volume 2. Monitoring Manual"|"Kenneth E. Noll, Terry Miller"|"March 1975"|"1"|"HDOT"|"air quality, air pollution, environmental impact statements, air quality instrumentation, air quality monitor survey"|"This report provides technical information for those engineers involved in evaluating air quality near highways and overall transportation systems.   Volume 2 contains information directed toward meeting the needs of field personnel responsible for conducting the field investigations."
162|"FHWA-RD-91-098"|"Research and Development Annual Report 1991"|"(None)"|"1991"|"1"|"HDOT"|"(None)"|"(None)"
163|"FHWA-NJ-82-003"|"Pavement Roughness Evaluations Using a Mays Ride Meter"|"Jack R. Croteau"|"June 1981"|"1"|"HDOT"|"Mays Ride Meter, Rolling Straightedge, Pavement Roughness, Smoothness Acceptance Specifications, Present Serviceability Index"|"This, the second of two study reports, is primarily concerned with the analysis of roughness data on new pavement construction and recent resurfacing and the development of an acceptance procedure for resurfacings."
164|"FHWA-"|"Maintenance of Pavement Underdrain System"|"(None)"|"February 1995"|"1"|"HDOT"|"(None)"|"This review of underdrain outlets was initiated due to the observation of stripping of asphalt from pavement surface on the Parkway at several locations, believed to be caused by blocked underdrains.  The review was to determine the extent of possible problems and to gauge the maintenance efforts for assuring underdrains being kept functioning properly."
165|"FHWA-RD-94-135"|"FHWA 1994 Achievement Report"|"(None)"|"1994"|"1"|"HDOT"|"(None)"|"(None)"
166|"FHWA-RT-90-003"|"Vegetation Control for Safety A Guide for Street and Highway Maintenance Personnel"|"(None)"|"1992"|"1"|"HDOT"|"(None)"|"(None)"
167|"FHWA-AZ-89-250"|"Effects of In-Stream Mining on Channel Stability"|"Ruh-Ming Li, George K. Cotton, Michael E. Zeller, Daryl B. Simons, Patricia Q. Deschamps"|"June 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"sand and gravel mining, channel stability, sediment transport, river mechanics"|"This report presents a comprehensive treatment of the technical and non-technical issues related to the impacts of in-stream and gravel mining upon the stability of river systems in Arizona.  All major categories are adderssed, including such areas as: regulatory practices, structural hazards, economic value, social and environmental factors, statewide classification of streams, review of methodologies, mitigation measures, engineering parameters, long-term procedures, short-term procedures, river response simulation procedure, case histories, justification for regulation, implementation plan, and recommendation for further monitoring and data collection."
168|"FHWA-NJ-89-009-7340"|"Longitudinal Wedge Joint Study"|"J. Croteau, J. Quinn, R. Baker, E. Hellriegel"|"November 1988"|"1"|"HDOT"|"longitudinal construction joint"|"This report describes the results of a five-year study undertaken to develop a technique for producing more durable longitudinal construction joints in bituminous pavements.  The construction procedure evaluated involves forming the joint between adjoining lanes as two overlapping wedges.  The wedge joint is formed by a steel plate attached to the paver screed which produces a 3:1 sloped face at the edge of the first bituminous mat placed."
169|"FHWA-LA-92-253"|"Engineering Properties of Brittle Repair Materials"|"G. Z. Voyiadjis, C. Channakeshava, T. M. Abu-Lebdeh, F. Barzegar"|"September 1992"|"1"|"HDOT"|"concrete, bi-axial testing, concrete pavement modeling, concrete engineering properties testing"|"Most codes of practice prescribe procedures for selecting patch configuration and materials based on test devised for evaluating new pavement materials.  This study is aimed at examing the special consideration to be given to such evaluation procedures and to suggest improved procedures for brittle repair materials, based on additional tests and computer analysis."
170|"FHWA-LA-91-241"|"Exploration for Aggregates in Louisiana"|"D. P. Argialas, W. J. Autin, Y. B. Acar"|"May 1991"|"1"|"HDOT"|"aggregates, photo interpretation, geomorphic mapping, cone penetrometer, exploration"|"Aggregate material deposits which can be processed economically for construction materials are an important resource for the state and LADOTD.  This need, together with the shortage of aggregates in the state, necessitated a thorough study in development of an exploration methodology for mapping the availability, location and extent of aggregate materials.  This report describes a comprehensive exploration methodology which involves the integration of terrain analysis techniques, geomorphological, and geotechnical studies to locate aggregates in Louisiana."
171|"FHWA-TS-85-224"|"Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Pulverizing Equipment"|"Douglas Brown"|"May 1986"|"1"|"HDOT"|"(None)"|"This report presents the results of a study that determined whether the need and the technology exist to develop more effective and more efficient portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement pulverizing equipment."
172|"FHWA-TS-85-232"|"Precast Concrete Modular Deck Case Studies"|"James Lutz, CHI Associates"|"May 1986"|"1"|"HDOT"|"(None)"|"The purpose of this study was to serve as a reference source for future applications of full-depth precast concrete modular deck systems."
173|"FHWA-TS-84-214"|"Design and Construction of Linn Cove Viaduct"|"Terry Halkyard, John M. Hooks"|"May 1986"|"1"|"HDOT"|"(None)"|"This report documents the design and construction of the Linn Cove Viaduct (completed in 1983), which is a portion of the last and most difficult stretch of seven miles remaining to complete the Blue Bridge Parkway."
174|"FHWA-TS-84-227"|"Organic Yellow Traffic Paint"|"Charles W. Niessner"|"April 1986"|"1"|"HDOT"|"(None)"|"This report summarizes the results of a field evaluation of two organic yellow paints, a 50/50 mixture of white and yellow paints, and a control section consisting of standard yellow traffic paint from four States.  The study included a survey of driver preference for each type of color of paint."
175|"FHWA-TS-85-227"|"Dynamic Compaction of Sanitary Landfills"|"C. T. Chang"|"April 1986"|"1"|"HDOT"|"(None)"|"The purpose of this study was to evaluate alternatives for a sanitary landfill site suitable as a roadway foundation.  This report also outlines the special provisions and contracts required to implement this unique construction technique and provides a construction report."
176|"FHWA-TS-86-208"|"Longitudinal Edge Drains in Rigid Pavement Systems"|"Charles Niessner"|"April 1986"|"1"|"HDOT"|"(None)"|"The purpose of this multistate study was to exchange information on design, construction, maintenance, and performance of edge drain systems and to develop conclusions and recommendations regarding the use of these systems."
177|"FHWA-AZ-89-227"|"Second Annual Monitoring Report Porous Pavement for the Control of Highway Runoff"|"W. R. Meier, Jr., Edward Elnicky"|"January 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"porous pavement monitoring, pavement deformations, rainfall, subgrade moisture"|"A three-lane by 3500 linear feet portion of an urban highway was constructed of porous pavement.  This design resulted from a research study of the use of porous pavement to provide highway drainage."
178|"FHWA-OH-93-017"|"Destructive Testing of a Decomissioned RC Highway Bridge"|"Ahmet Emin Aktan, R. Miller, B. Shahrooz, M. Zwick, M. Heckenmueller, I. Ho, W. Hrinko, T. Toksoy"|"December 1992"|"1"|"HDOT"|"slab bridge, destructive testing, nondestructive testing, modal testing, deterioration, rating, nonlinear finite elements, punching shear"|"The research was designed to study and determine the abilities of different NDE (Nondestructive Evaluation) techniques to detect damage and to examine processes for improving the condition evaluation and rating of concrete slab bridges.  Accurate condition evaluation and rating of bridges is key for improving the present rating and decomimissioning practice.  Through this research  a better understanding of the complex behavior of slab bridges at all their limit states has been achieved.  Improvements in NDE (Nondestructive Evaluation) and NLFEA (Nonliner Finite Element Analysis) have been accomplished."
179|"FHWA-KS-RD-78-003"|"Cracked Structural Concrete Repair Through Epoxy Injection and Rebar Insertion"|"F. Wayne Stratton, Roger Alexander, William Nolting"|"November 1978"|"1"|"HDOT"|"cracked structural concrete repair, epoxy injection, forty-five degree drill stand, motion, detection, post reinforcement, vacuum drills, vacuum swivel, implementation"|"The objective of this project was to develop a technique for repairing cracked structural bridge concrete.  The method developed consists of sealing the crack, drilling holes at 45 degrees to the deck surface and crossing the crack plane at approximately 90 degrees, filling the hole and crack plane with epoxy pumped under low pressure, and placing a rebar into the drilled hole in a position to span the crack."
180|"FHWA-LA-89-199"|"Chemkrete Modified Asphaltic Concrete Field Trial Construction and Three Year Evaluation Experimental Project No. 3  Asphalt Additives"|"Harold R. Paul"|"June 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"chemkrete, asphalt additives"|"This report documents the construction of a Chemkrete modified asphaltic concrete field trial and presents three year performance data."
181|"FHWA-OH-90-009"|"Refinement of Analytical Photogrammetric Techniques for Application to Transportation Surveys (EES 688)"|"Dean C. Merchant"|"March 1990"|"1"|"HDOT"|"photogrammetry, surveying, mapping, quality control"|"This research program extends the established concepts of production quality control to the procedures of aerial anaytical photogrammetric operations.  It is recognized that the product of a surveying or mapping operation is primarily a measurement.  As such, the measurement is the final product and can be treated by conventional quality control concepts.  This concept of quality control applied to meausrements, termed ""measurement system calibration"", is well developed by C. Eisenhart.  The research conducted here adapts measurement system calibration to the aerial analytical phtogrammetric procedures conducted by the Bureau of Aerial Engineering of the Ohio Department of Transportation."
182|"FHWA-NY-RR-82-98"|"Open Friction Courses on an Asphaltic Concrete Base: A Seven-Year Progress Report"|"Kenneth S. Dodge"|"October 1992"|"1"|"HDOT"|"open-graded mixes, frictional properties, air void content, frictional resistance"|"This report documents the performance of two open-friction courses (OFC) -- having 1/2- in. and 1/4- in. maximum-sized aggregates -- and their adjacent conventional New York State IA top-course (control) over the final 4 years of their 7-year design lives."
183|"FHWA-LA-90-230"|"Testing and Evaluation of Sign Support with Cluster Attachments"|"King K. Mak, Wanda L. Campise"|"April 1990"|"1"|"HDOT"|"sign crash tests, slip base, sign support, sign-cluster attachment"|"Two full-scale crash tests were conducted on the Louisiana two-post, inclined, slip-base sign assembly with cluster sign attachment.  These two tests were performed and evaluated in accordance with guidelines under NCHRP Report 230 and standards established in the 1985 AASHTO Standards Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals."
184|"FHWA-"|"FHWA Regional Certification Conference Region 5, Iowa and North Dakota"|"Keith H. Lundin, Ronald A. Yeske"|"July 1994"|"3"|"HDOT"|"(None)"|"(None)"
185|"FHWA-TS-89-026"|"Geotextile Specifications for Highway Applications"|"Robert M. Koerner, Mark H Wayne"|"July 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"geotextiles, fabrics, specifications, engineering fabrics"|"This document has been developed after review of 46 of the 52 (50 States, District of Columbia and Puerto Rico) State Agencies who responded to our request for their most recent specifications on geotextiles and related geosynthetic materials.  The orginial requests were sent March 16, 1987, with follow up requests in April of 1988.  From the excellent and cooperative response we feel that a representative sample has indeed been realized."
186|"FHWA-NY-RR-90-149"|"Case Tudies of Two Non-Overlay Cathodic Protection Systems for Bridge Decls"|"Orlando E. Picozzi, Allen C. Frank"|"March 1990"|"1"|"HDOT"|"cathodic protection, bridge decks, corrosion, concrete reinforcement, chlorides, corrosion prevention"|"Impressed-current cathodic protection systems were installed on two steel-reinforced concrete bridge decks.  Primary anodes for both were composites of platinum-niobium wire and conductive polymer grout, bonded into sawed slots in the concrete surface.  Secondary anodes were conductive carbon strands and conductive polymer grout bonded into sawed slots.  The first installation experienced frequent power-supply malfunctions and significant grout loss.  The power supply was replaced, and after 1 1/2 years of service, 10 percent of the anode matrix was repaired.  Surface distress, including concrete delamination and additional grout loss, continued through 3 1/2 years of service.  It was then decided to terminate the system, and repair the deck with a conventional high-density concrete overlay.  The second installation was four times largers in surface area, and was bid using individual construction items rather than the lump-sum bidding used for the first bridge.  Unit cost in this instance was $7.08 per sq ft -- a savings of $2.83 per sq ft.  After 2 years, some anode-grout distress and concrete delamination have been experience, but on a smaller scale.  The mechanisms of anode-grout distress is examined and difference in construction practices are discussed."
187|"FHWA-AZ-91-264-002"|"Evaluation of Concrete Pavements in the Pheonix Urban Corridor Volume II - Appendices"|"D. G. Peshkin, K. D. Smith, G S. James, L. D. Evans, M. I. Darter"|"September 1991"|"1"|"HDOT"|"concrete, concrete pavement, pavement performance, pavement design, pavement rehabilitation"|"Arizona has been buidling portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements since the 1950's and now has approximately 400 lane miles of PCC pavements.  Overall, these pavements ave performed exceptionally well and have carried large traffic volumes.  However, these pavements have experienced a range of distress, including faulting, cracking, spalling, and, consequently, roughness.  Since ADOT is considering the construction of approximately 230 lane miles of PCC in the next 20 miles, a comprehensive ealuation of the 36 concrete pavements in the Phoenix Urban Corridor was conducted to identify the performance trends of the different designs and to aid in the recommendation of appropriate rehabilitation strategies.  The field testing and evaluation consisted of condition surveys, drainage survey, nondestructive deflection testing, coring and subsurface boring investigations, a roughness survey, and Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) studies on selected sites.  This volume provides project documentation to the main report.  The appendices of this volume summarize the performance data for the section; provide strip maps taken from the distress surveys; describe the creation and use of the project data base; summarize the results from the WIM studies, furnish rehabilitation selection guidelines; and provide an overview of rehabilitation methods."
188|"FHWA-OH-94-003"|"Economic Evaluation of Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA) Production for Road Deicing"|"Shang-Tian Yang, Hui Zhu, Ying Li"|"September 1992"|"1"|"HDOT"|"CMA, Deicing, Calcium Magnesium Acetate"|"About 28 billion lbs of liquid why produced from the cheese manufacturing in the United States are being wasted every year.  The objective of this project was to determine the feasibility and economics of using the wasted whey as a feedstock to produce CMA for highway deicing.  CMA is a biodegradable, low-corrosion deicer that can be used to replace salt for roadway deicing, thus minimizing salt damages to highways and environments."
189|"FHWA-MN-RD-89-019"|"Evaluation of Materials and Methods for Bituminous Pavement Crack Sealing and Filling"|"Curtis M. Turgeon"|"December 1989"|"1"|"HDOT"|"asphalt concrete pavement, crack sealing, crack filling"|"All asphalt pavements in Minnesota exhibit some form of cracking during a normal lifespan.  These cracks, if left untreated, will deteriorate and decrease the service life of the pavement.  This report is a compliation of information from test sections in Minnesota and reports from other states on the relative effectiveness of crack treatment strategies.  Crack treatments are defined as crack sealing and crack filling."
190|"FHWA-CA-TL-94-008"|"Development of an Advanced Transportation Control Computer"|"L. G. Kubel, R. F. Rounds, T. F. Quinlan"|"June 1993"|"1"|"HDOT"|"traffic control devices, traffic control computer, standard controller, field controller, transportation controller, ATC"|"Advanced hardware and software will be required for successful implementation of Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS).  This report presents the development and evaluation of an Advanced Transportation Control Computer (ATC) serving as the basis for standard harware and software specifications."
191|"FHWA-OH-95-005"|"Computer Simulation of Dynamic Truck Loading Using Measured Pavement Profiles"|"Junghsen Lieh"|"June 1995"|"1"|"HDOT"|"pavement loading, truck dynamics, computer simulation, road roughness"|"The research developed 3-dimensional heavy vehicle models to evaluate to dynamic loading on pavements using mesured road roughness.  Two truck configurations: 2-axle straight trucks and 5-axle tractor semi-trailer were used in the study.  Equations of motion with Coulom friction were formulated using separated-form virtual work principle.  User-friendly computer programs were developed on a PC, which include three portions: nonlinear integration, statistical analysis and graphics.  Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg's 4-5th order algorithm (RKF45) with self-adjustable step sizes was adopted to solved the nonlinear differential equations.  Numerical and graphical outputs can be provided in both time domain and statistical forms."
192|"FHWA-AZ-88-216"|"Test Procedure for Pavement Crack Fillers"|"R. A. Jimenez"|"June 1988"|"1"|"HDOT"|"joint sealants, tests for sealants, repeated loading test, asphalt concrete pavements"|"The purpose of the work reported was to investigate test procedures for bond extension tests for pavement crack fillers.  A review of existing physical tests for crack fillers indicated a need for other than the standard AASHTO Test T187 and modifications made by researchers to the standard method."
193|"FHWA-AZ-8802-8803"|"Sentre and Trend Attenuator Field Installations"|"Douglas J. Lattin"|"February 1990"|"1"|"HDOT"|"attenuator, guardrail, safety, roadside barrier, longitudinal traffic barrier, BCT, Trend, Sentre, Transition, Section, End Terminal"|"The objective of this research effort is to evaluate the in-service performance of the TREND and SENTRE attenuator systems when installed on appropriate  ADOT.  Two construction projects, both involving canal bridge rail modification, were selected for test installations.  This research effort embraces two separate experimental  projects, and hence two expeimental project numbers.  The SENTRE system was installed and reported to the FHWA as Experimental Project Number AZ-8802 and the TREND system was installed and reportd to the FHWA as Experimental Project Number AZ-8803."
194|"FHWA-AZ-88-216"|"Test Procedure for Pavement Crack Fillers"|"R. A. Jimenez"|"June 1988"|"1"|"HDOT"|"joints sealants, tests for sealants, repeated loading test, asphalt concrete pavements"|"The purpose of the work reported was to investigate test procedures for bond extension tests for pavement crack fillers.  A review of existing physical tests for crack fillers indicated  a need for other than the standard AASHTO Test T187 and modifications made by researchers to the standard method."
195|"FHWA-NY-RR-82-100"|"Destructive Testing of a Reinforced Concrete T-Beam Bridge"|"David B. Beal"|"December 1982"|"1"|"HDOT"|"destructive testing, reinforced concrete bridges, T beams, deterioration, loading tests"|"A 52-year-old reinforced-concrete T-beam bridge was destructively tested to evaluate the consequences of concrete deterioration on load capacity.  Instrumentation included measuring tension and compression rebar strain at midspan, end rotation, and midspan deflection.  The single- and double-T test specimens were loaded symmetrically to produce a contant-moment region at midspan.  The condition of the bridge was rated 2.5 on a scale from 1 (potentially hazardous) to 7 (new condition).  The concrete deck was highly fractured throughout and the cement paste severely deteriorated locally.  Efflorescence was common and leakage evident.  Tension rebars exposed by spalled concrete had lost from 1 to 2 percent of their cross-sectional area.  This report's conclusion is that the deterioration noted has no significance with respect to load-carrying capacity of this structure.  Based on theoretical arguments, the conclusion is drawn that deterioration sufficient for substantial reduction of the capacity of a structure would be manifested in a local collapse, and that overall failure of reinforced-concrete T-beam bridges need not be a concern."
196|"FHWA-"|"..........++"||||||