Structural Steel Panel Steel ( Bumper and Body Panels )

Elastic Modulus = 210 GPa 210 GPa

Poisson's Ratio = 0.3 0.3

Yield Strength = 700 MPa 400 MPa

Tangent Modulus = 1.379 GPa 1.034 GPa

density = 7850 kg/m^3 7850 kg/m^3

Material Utilized for Aluminum Simulation ( 0.35 cm chassis thickness, 0.25 cm body thickness and 0.2 cm bumper and panel thickness )

7075 T6 6061 T6 ( Bumper and Body Panels )

Elastic Modulus = 70 GPa 70 GPa

Poisson's Ratio = 0.33 0.33

Yield Strength = 480 MPa 270 MPa

Tangent Modulus = 0.9 GPa 0.9 GPa

density = 2710 kg/m^3 2710 kg/m^3

Material Utilized for Composite Simulation ( 0.4 cm chassis thickness, 0.25 cm body thickness and 0.2 cm bumper and panel thickness )

Carbon/Epoxy E-Glass/Polyester ( Panels ) SMC Composite ( Panels )

(0/90) Woven Ply (0/90) Woven Ply

Ex = 74 GPa 24 GPa Elastic Modulus = 20 GPa

Ey = 74 GPa 24 GPa Poisson's Ratio = 0.32

Ez = 11.5 GPa 9.4 GPa Yield Strength = 309 MPa

Gxy = 4.14 GPa 3.8 GPa Tangent Modulus = 0.65 GPa

Gyz = 4.14 GPa 3.96 GPa density = 1830 kg/m^3

Gxz = 4.14 GPa 3.96 GPa

vxy = 0.04 0.01

vyz = 0.44 0.37

vxz = 0.44 0.37

density = 1600 kg/m^3 2100 kg/m^3

S.S = 71 MPa 89 MPa

T.S (x) = 2280 MPa 1080 MPa

T.S (y) = 2280 MPa 1080 MPa

C.S (x) = 1440 MPa 620 MPa

C.S (y) = 1440 MPa 620 MPa