TABLE 1: PROPERTIES UTILIZED IN BUMPER/RAIL SIMULATIONS

Steel

Elastic Modulus = 210 Gpa

Poisson’s Ratio = 0.3

Yield Strength = 700 Mpa

Density = 7850 kg/m^3

Aluminum

Elastic Modulus = 70 Gpa

Poisson’s Ratio = 0.33

Yield Strength = 480 Mpa

Density = 2710 kg/m^3

SMC

Elastic Modulus = 20 Gpa

Poisson’s Ratio = 0.33

Yield Strength = 309 Mpa

Density = 1830 kg/m^3

Carbon Composite

Ex = 74 GPa

Ey = 74 GPa

Ez = 11.5 GPa

Gxy = 4.14 GPa

Gyz = 4.14 GPa

Gxz = 4.14 GPa

vxy = 0.04

vyz = 0.44

vxz = 0.44

density = 1600 kg/m^3

In-Plane Shear Strength = 71 MPa

Tensile Strength (x) = 2280 MPa

Tensile Strength (y) = 2280 MPa

Compressive Strength (x) = 1440 MPa

Compressive Strength (y) = 1440 MPa